Table 2.
Participants’ actual behavioral responses to cyberbullying incidents.
| First-level codes | Second-level codes | Third-level codes | Examples | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive cyberbystander behavior (196) | Pointing at the victim (100) | Supporting the victim (4) | Me too. | Comforting the victim (8) | I did not call you names. Do not worry. | Defending the victim (4) | Any question can be put forward for communication. | Encouraging the victim (3) | Come on! | |||||
| Pointing at the bully/confronting the bully moderately (80) | Expressing the speechlessness of the bully (37) | …… | Telling the bully politely that you think it is wrong (14) | That’s not a very nice thing to say, is it? | Providing suggestions to the bully (8) | Mmmmm… Let us not get into the details. | Requiring the bully (10) | Please pay attention to your words. | Placating the bully (1) | We are all top students. | Breaking the ice (3) | Well, watch what you say. Maybe he is a super member. | Changing the subjects (7) | Forget it. Let us read books. |
| Pointing at others (16) | Reporting to the authority (16) | Is the group leader here? | ||||||||||||
| Neutral cyberbystander behavior (>52/about 74,500) | Inaction (>52/about 74,500) | Not knowing the situation (38) | ??? | Express fear (14) | Frightened! | Keeping silent (…/about 74,490) | [Nothing sent.] | |||||||
| Negative cyberbystander behavior (82) | Supporting the bully (46) | Praising the bully (7) | Awesome! | Watching the scene of bustle (31) | hahahaha | Encouraging the bully (3) | Bro, speak up. | Joining the bully (5) | Ugly people make more trouble. | |||||
| Confronting the bully excessively (36) | Taunting the bully (13) | Get over yourself. | Questioning rhetorically the bully (14) | It’s none of your business./How can you do that? | Abusing the bully (9) | Fuck off. |
The numbers in brackets indicate the frequency of such actual behavioral responses.