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. 2023 Jul 11;14:1199294. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1199294

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Copyright © 2023 Abdelwahab, Negm, Mahmoud, Salama, Schaalan, El-Sheikh and Ramadan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of flaxseed lignan extract (FLE) on the serum levels of (A) nitric oxide (NO), (B) cardiac troponin I (cTnI), (C) paraoxonase-1 (PON1), (D) plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), (E) vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), and (F) endothelin-1 (ET-1), as well as the (G) Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) levels, and (H) caspase-3 activity in the cardiac tissue of the cafeteria diet (CAFD)-fed rats. F13A is an apelin-13 receptor blocker. Values are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 6 per group; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test; ^* p < 0.05, ^** p < 0.01, ^*** p < 0.001, ^**** p < 0.0001).