. 2019 Sep 18;17(3):1474704919875948. doi: 10.1177/1474704919875948

Table 4.

Associations Between Grandparenthood and Depressive Symptoms.

	Total				Between				Within
	Coefficient	SE	95% CI		Coefficient	SE	95% CI		Coefficient	SE	95% CI
	Coefficient	SE	Lower	Upper	Coefficient	SE	Lower	Upper	Coefficient	SE	Lower	Upper
Grandparenthood status
Women
Children but no grandchildren	Ref				Ref				Ref
Both children and grandchildren	−.02	.01	−.04	.001	−.03*	.01	−.06	−.01	−.04	.03	−.09	.01
Men
Children but no grandchildren	Ref				Ref				Ref
Both children and grandchildren	−.03	.02	−.06	.01	−.01	.02	−.05	.03	−.06	.04	−.13	.01

Note. CI = confidence interval; ref = reference.

*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.