. 2019 Sep 18;17(3):1474704919875948. doi: 10.1177/1474704919875948

Table C1.

Associations Between Grandparenthood and Quality of Life.

	Total				Between				Within
	Coefficient	SE	95% CI		Coefficient	SE	95% CI		Coefficient	SE	95% CI
	Coefficient	SE	Lower	Upper	Coefficient	SE	Lower	Upper	Coefficient	SE	Lower	Upper
Grandparenthood status
Women
Children but no grandchildren	Ref				Ref				Ref
Both children and grandchildren	.42***	.08	.26	.57	.47***	.09	.30	.64	.40*	.18	.05	.76
Men
Children but no grandchildren	Ref				Ref				Ref
Both children and grandchildren	.34***	.09	.17	.51	.44***	.09	.25	.62	.12	.20	−.27	.52

Note. Grandparental status and quality of life are measured in simultaneous waves. CI = confidence interval; ref = reference.

*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.