. 2019 Sep 18;17(3):1474704919875948. doi: 10.1177/1474704919875948

Table D1.

Associations Between Grandparenthood and Depressive Symptoms.

	Total				Between				Within
	Coefficient	SE	95% CI		Coefficient	SE	95% CI		Coefficient	SE	95% CI
	Coefficient	SE	Lower	Upper	Coefficient	SE	Lower	Upper	Coefficient	SE	Lower	Upper
Grandparenthood status
Women
Children but no grandchildren	Ref				Ref				Ref
Both children and grandchildren	−.03**	.01	−.05	−.01	−.04**	.01	−.07	−.01	−.05	.03	−.10	.004
Men
Children but no grandchildren	Ref				Ref				Ref
Both children and grandchildren	.002	.02	−.03	.03	.01	.02	−.03	.05	−.01	.04	−.09	.06

Note. Grandparental status and depressive symptoms are measured in simultaneous waves. CI = confidence interval; ref = reference.

*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.