Table 2.
Adjusted Prevalence Ratios (aPR, and 95% confidence intervals) of having health problems in each EQ-5D-5L dimension according to education level (principal analysis) or income level (sensitivity analysis). Poisson regression models adjusted by age, number of chronic health conditions, history of SARS-CoV-2 past infection, lockdown social variables, and working status
| Variables | WOMEN | MEN | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| June 2020 | March 2021 | June 2020 | March 2021 | |||||
| aPR by education level |
aPR by income level |
aPR by education level |
aPR by income level |
aPR by education level |
aPR by income level |
aPR by education level |
aPR by income level |
|
| Mobility | ||||||||
| Highest level | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Intermediate level |
1.16 (0.79–1.72) |
1.32 (0.75–2.32) |
1.12 (0.78–1.60) |
1.05 (0.66–1.68) |
1.42 (0.94–2.16) |
0.95 (0.60–1.50) |
1.18 (0.75–1.87) |
1.13 (0.69–1.84) |
| Lowest level |
1.58 (1.06–2.33) |
1.39 (0.76–2.56) |
1.44 (1.02–2.04) |
1.08 (0.65–1.79) |
1.53 (0.97–2.39) |
1.39 (0.78–2.50) |
1.43 (0.91–2.26) |
1.73 (0.98–3.05) |
| Self-care | ||||||||
| Highest level | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Intermediate level |
1.38 (0.57–3.36) |
0.91 (0.30–2.76) |
1.21 (0.58–2.53) |
1.34 (0.42–4.25) |
0.93 (0.33–2.59) |
0.53 (0.19–1.44) |
0.87 (0.36–2.11) |
0.92 (0.34–2.50) |
| Lowest level |
1.80 (0.72–4.49) |
1.17 (0.33–4.14) |
1.20 (0.56–2.58) |
1.05 (0.28–3.92) |
2.68 (1.03–6.96) |
1.53 (0.65–3.62) |
1.92 (0.82–4.49) |
2.05 (0.80–5.21) |
| Usual Activities | ||||||||
| Highest level | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Intermediate level |
0.97 (0.61–1.54) |
1.21 (0.58–2.50) |
0.96 (0.63–1.48) |
1.27 (0.59–2.70) |
1.04 (0.59–1.82) |
1.61 (0.76–3.41) |
1.00 (0.59–1.72) |
1.00 (0.56–1.78) |
| Lowest level |
1.22 (0.77–1.93) |
1.23 (0.57–2.70) |
1.34 (0.86–2.08) |
1.27 (0.56–2.88) |
1.15 (0.60–2.20) |
2.75 (1.23–6.17) |
1.59 (0.92–2.76) |
1.16 (0.61–2.16) |
| Pain / Discomfort | ||||||||
| Highest level | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Intermediate level |
1.18 (0.98–1.43) |
1.22 (0.95–1.56) |
1.20 (1.03–1.40) |
1.23 (0.99–1.53) |
1.02 (0.80–1.28) |
1.13 (0.87–1.46) |
1.01 (0.82–1.24) |
1.08 (0.86–1.36) |
| Lowest level |
1.37 (1.12–1.67) |
1.18 (0.89–1.56) |
1.13 (0.95–1.34) |
1.33 (1.05–1.69) |
1.28 (0.99–1.64) |
1.40 (1.00-1.97) |
0.96 (0.75–1.22) |
0.98 (0.72–1.35) |
| Anxiety / Depression | ||||||||
| Highest level | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Intermediate level |
1.20 (0.93–1.56) |
1.01 (0.72–1.42) |
1.12 (0.91–1.37) |
0.78 (0.61–1.01) |
0.95 (0.65–1.38) |
1.26 (0.79–1.99) |
1.02 (0.77–1.35) |
1.31 (0.94–1.83) |
| Lowest level |
1.37 (1.02–1.83) |
1.04 (0.72–1.52) |
1.06 (0.82–1.35) |
0.83 (0.62–1.10) |
1.36 (0.86–2.14) |
1.14 (0.62–2.08) |
1.04 (0.73–1.46) |
1.08 (0.69–1.67) |
Education levels: Highest (University degree or higher); Intermediate (Baccalaureate to undergraduate); and Lowest (Secondary education or lower)
Monthly income levels: Highest (≥ 2700 €); Intermediate (1050 to < 2700 €); and Lowest (< 1050 €)