Table 4.
Service context features in implementation outcomes research (n = 400)
| ALL | Acceptable | Adoption | Appropriate | Cost | Feasibility | Fidelity | Penetration | Sustainability | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 400) | (n = 210) | (n = 106) | (n = 87) | (n = 31) | (n = 154) | (n = 157) | (n = 64) | (n = 63) | |
| Setting | |||||||||
| Healthcare | 45.8% | 51.0% | 64.2% | 51.7% | 41.9% | 49.4% | 38.9% | 57.8% | 50.8% |
| Behavioral health | 22.5% | 19.0% | 14.2% | 23.0% | 35.5% | 19.5% | 24.8% | 15.6% | 22.2% |
| School | 12.5% | 9.5% | 7.5% | 6.9% | 9.7% | 8.4% | 18.5% | 4.7% | 6.3% |
| Social service | 6.3% | 4.8% | 2.8% | 6.9% | 3.2% | 5.8% | 5.1% | 4.7% | 4.8% |
| Other community based | 5.5% | 6.7% | 3.8% | 10.3% | 3.2% | 7.8% | 5.7% | 6.3% | 7.9% |
| Child welfare | 3.0% | 2.4% | 4.7% | 2.3% | 3.2% | 1.9% | 1.3% | 1.6% | 1.6% |
| Not specified | 2.5% | 2.9% | 1.9% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.6% | 3.2% | 3.1% | 3.2% |
| Universities | 2.5% | 3.3% | 1.9% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.6% | 1.9% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Corrections/law enforcement | 2.3% | 2.9% | 0.9% | 0.0% | 3.2% | 3.9% | 3.2% | 1.6% | 4.8% |
| Public health | 1.5% | 1.9% | 2.8% | 2.3% | 0.0% | 1.3% | 0.6% | 1.6% | 0.0% |
| Other | 1.8% | 1.9% | 0.9% | 1.1% | 3.2% | 1.3% | 1.3% | 1.6% | 1.6% |
| Population | |||||||||
| Adult | 61.5% | 66.7% | 66.0% | 66.7% | 51.6% | 65.6% | 58.6% | 65.6% | 60.3% |
| Children | 41.5% | 32.9% | 38.7% | 32.2% | 38.7% | 35.1% | 52.2% | 39.1% | 39.7% |
| Older adult | 8.3% | 9.5% | 9.4% | 9.2% | 3.2% | 6.5% | 7.0% | 14.1% | 9.5% |
| Vulnerable population | 5.5% | 6.7% | 0.9% | 5.7% | 3.2% | 10.4% | 2.5% | 3.1% | 4.8% |
| Not specified | 3.0% | 3.8% | 4.7% | 4.6% | 12.9% | 3.2% | 1.3% | 1.6% | 4.8% |
| Parents/families | 2.0% | 2.9% | 0.0% | 2.3% | 0.0% | 2.6% | 2.5% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Practitioners | 1.5% | 1.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.9% | 1.9% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Innovation | |||||||||
| Single EBP (one manualized treatment or program) | 40.3% | 39.5% | 22.6% | 39.1% | 45.2% | 40.9% | 51.6% | 28.1% | 28.6% |
| Screening, assessment, or diagnostic procedure (e.g., X-rays) | 13.0% | 14.3% | 15.1% | 13.8% | 3.2% | 13.0% | 10.2% | 17.2% | 11.1% |
| Technology (health information technology, health app) | 8.8% | 11.0% | 14.2% | 10.3% | 12.9% | 11.0% | 5.7% | 7.8% | 14.3% |
| Other | 8.0% | 9.5% | 9.4% | 9.2% | 3.2% | 8.4% | 0.6% | 9.4% | 9.5% |
| Multiple EBPs | 7.3% | 5.2% | 7.5% | 5.7% | 6.5% | 4.5% | 7.6% | 12.5% | 12.7% |
| Implementation strategy (e.g. learning collaborative) | 7.5% | 6.2% | 13.2% | 4.6% | 0.0% | 5.8% | 10.2% | 9.4% | 9.5% |
| Clinical pathway or service cascade (screening, referral, treatment) | 7.5% | 7.1% | 12.3% | 6.9% | 9.7% | 10.4% | 7.0% | 7.8% | 7.9% |
| Research evidence (in general) | 5.8% | 3.8% | 8.5% | 2.3% | 9.7% | 4.5% | 5.1% | 9.4% | 9.5% |
| Guideline | 5.0% | 3.3% | 8.5% | 3.4% | 6.5% | 4.5% | 4.5% | 9.4% | 6.3% |
| Administrative (e.g., billing system, supervision approach, marketing) | 5.0% | 4.8% | 6.6% | 3.4% | 9.7% | 3.9% | 2.5% | 3.1% | 3.2% |
| Outcomes monitoring (e.g., measurement-based care) | 2.5% | 3.8% | 1.9% | 4.6% | 3.2% | 3.9% | 1.9% | 3.1% | 0.0% |
| Data system (indicators or monitoring systems) | 2.0% | 1.9% | 3.8% | 1.1% | 3.2% | 1.9% | 1.9% | 0.0% | 3.2% |
| Policy | 0.8% | 1.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.6% | 0.0% | 1.6% |
| Not indicated | 0.5% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Health condition | |||||||||
| Substance use (inc. tobacco) | 8.0% | 8.1% | 6.6% | 6.9% | 12.9% | 5.8% | 4.5% | 10.9% | 9.5% |
| Mental health | 32.3% | 29.5% | 20.8% | 27.6% | 29.0% | 32.5% | 35.0% | 23.4% | 31.7% |
| Cancer | 5.0% | 4.8% | 5.7% | 6.9% | 3.2% | 5.8% | 2.5% | 7.8% | 4.8% |
| General medical | 25.8% | 24.3% | 37.7% | 33.3% | 32.3% | 29.2% | 27.4% | 32.8% | 30.2% |
| HIV/AIDS | 6.3% | 7.1% | 5.7% | 4.6% | 0.0% | 5.8% | 5.7% | 7.8% | 6.3% |
| Infectious disease (non-HIV) | 3.5% | 3.3% | 3.8% | 3.4% | 6.5% | 3.2% | 3.8% | 1.6% | 3.2% |
| Neuro-cognitive disorders (e.g., dementia) | 2.0% | 2.4% | 0.9% | 1.1% | 0.0% | 2.6% | 1.9% | 1.6% | 1.6% |
| Reproductive/antenatal care | 2.8% | 4.3% | 6.6% | 4.6% | 3.2% | 2.6% | 3.8% | 4.7% | 3.2% |
| Communication disorders | 0.8% | 1.4% | 0.9% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Academic achievement | 1.5% | 2.9% | 0.9% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.3% | 1.3% | 1.6% | 0.0% |
| Maltreatment/injury/violence | 5.8% | 6.2% | 4.7% | 6.9% | 6.5% | 6.5% | 5.1% | 3.1% | 3.2% |
| Employment/economic well-being | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Workforce/administration | 2.5% | 2.4% | 3.8% | 2.3% | 3.2% | 0.6% | 1.3% | 4.7% | 3.2% |
| Developmental disabilities | 4.0% | 3.3% | 1.9% | 2.3% | 3.2% | 3.2% | 7.0% | 0.0% | 3.2% |