Table 4.
Rates of medication use among ACH cases vs controls (CPRD cohort)
| Medications by category | Specific medications | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | n, ER per 100PY* | RR (95% CI) | Type | n, ER per 100PY* | RR (95% CI) | ||
| Cases (N = 541) | Controls (N = 2052) | Cases (N = 541) | Controls (N = 2052) | ||||
| Any prescription | 49,070, 1004.27 | 146,315, 606.49 | 1.69 (1.42–2.02)** | – | – | – | – |
| Genito-urinary† | 1731, 35.43 | 1499, 6.21 | 5.75 (2.85–11.58)** | Urinary incontinence | 1731, 35.43 | 1499, 6.21 | 5.75 (2.85–11.58)** |
| Musculoskeletal | 15,852, 324.43 | 30,899, 128.08 | 2.57 (2.00–3.31)** | Pain | 13,543, 277.17 | 25,952, 107.57 | 2.61 (2.03–3.35)** |
| Bone disorders | 2309, 47.23 | 4947, 20.51 | 2.32 (1.40–3.85)** | ||||
| Nervous system | 8554, 175.1 | 20,790, 86.2 | 2.09 (1.57–2.77)** | Dementia | 156, 3.19 | 256, 1.06 | 3.15 (0.82–12.15) |
| Anti-epileptics | 1677, 34.32 | 2767, 11.47 | 2.99 (1.45–6.15)** | ||||
| Antidepressants/anxiolytics | 6013, 123.06 | 15,177, 62.91 | 2.02 (1.52–2.68)** | ||||
| ADHD | 93, 1.90 | 309, 1.28 | 1.48 (0.21–10.62) | ||||
| Substance dependence | 75, 1.53 | 296, 1.23 | 1.27 (0.60–2.68) | ||||
| Antibiotics/Antifungals‡ | 4478, 91.65 | 12,951, 53.68 | 1.71 (1.43–2.03)** | Antibiotics/antifungals** | 4478, 91.65 | 12,951, 53.68 | 1.71 (1.43–2.03)** |
| Digestive system | 4840, 99.06 | 14,292, 59.24 | 1.70 (1.28–2.24)** | Proton pump inhibitors | 4151, 84.95 | 11,632, 48.22 | 1.80 (1.36–2.37)** |
| Gastrointestinal | 689, 14.10 | 2660, 11.03 | 1.28 (0.65–2.51) | ||||
| Metabolism and endocrine | 1803, 36.90 | 7156, 29.66 | 1.24 (0.64–2.40) | Anti-obesity | 97, 1.99 | 248, 1.03 | 1.93 (0.82–4.54) |
| Diabetes treatments | 1706, 34.91 | 6908, 28.63 | 1.22 (0.61–2.43) | ||||
| Cardiovascular | 11,384, 232.98 | 56,929, 235.98 | 1.01 (0.78–1.30) | Anti-hypertensives | 5,738, 117.43 | 24,553, 101.77 | 1.18 (0.89–1.56) |
| Cardiac medications | 2955, 60.48 | 14,854, 61.57 | 0.99 (0.66–1.50) | ||||
| Statins | 2691, 55.07 | 17,522, 72.63 | 0.77 (0.54–1.08) | ||||
ACH Achondroplasia; ADHD Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; CI Confidence interval; CPRD Clinical Practice Research Database; ER Event rate; N Total number of individuals; n Number of uses of medications of interest; PY Person years; RR Rate ratio
*Where the number of patients was reported as an integer of more than 0 but less than 5, this has been stated as < 5 due to CPRD reporting requirements
**Statistically significant result (α = 0.05)
†Genito-urinary system-related medications only included medication for urinary incontinence
‡Antibiotic/Antifungal medications were not broken down into specific medication types