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. 2023 Jul 11;10:1094256. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1094256

TABLE 1.

Demography, non-medical, and medical variables classified by phosphorus quartiles.

Total Q1
(< 3.6 mg/dL)
Q2
(3.6–4.2 mg/dL)
Q3
(4.3–5.1 mg/dL)
Q4
(>5.2 mg/dL)
p
n (%) 654 (100) 185 (28.29) 146 (22.32) 169 (25.84) 154 (23.55)
Age (year) 48.32 ± 15.1 54.12 ± 12.5a 51.68 ± 13.8b 47.29 ± 15.2 39.30 ± 14.7c 0.001
Gender, n (%) 0.035
Male 267 (40.8) 91 (34.1) 59 (22.1) 64 (24.0) 53 (19.9)
Female 387 (59.2) 94 (24.3)b 87 (22.1) 105 (24.0) 101 (26.1)
Economic income, n (%) 0.190
Low 373 107 (23.4) 87 (19) 102 (2.3) 77 (16.8)
Medium-high 84 32 (7) 19 (4) 23 (5) 10 (2.2)
Education, n (%) 0.001
Low 199 80 (17.5)a 49 (10.7) 46 (10.1) 24 (5.2)d
Intermediate 173 38 (8.3) 47 (10.3) 49 (10.7) 39 (8.5)
High 85 21 (4.6) 10 (2.2) 30 (6.6) 24 (5.2)
Activity, n (%) 0.001
Non or home 155 38 (8.3) 37 (8.1) 45 (9.8) 35 (7.7)
Employee 274 101 (22.1)a 66 (14.4) 68 (14.7) 39 (8.5)d
Professional 28 0 30 (0.7) 12 (2.6) 13 (2.6)
Diabetes mellitus 0.001
Yes n (%) 357 125 (28.7) 93 (21.4) 99 (22.7) 59 (13.6)
Weight (k) 65.53 ± 13.43 64.85 ± 11.87 66.16 ± 13.35 64.70 ± 13.76 66.56 ± 14.83 0.474
Height (cm) 160.21 ± 10.20 158.49 ± 8.91b 160.33 ± 10.95 160.34 ± 11.77 162.03 ± 8.70 0.016
BMI (k/m2) 25.68 ± 7.23 25.79 ± 4.09 26.06 ± 9.05 25.57 ± 9.60 25.29 ± 4.87 0.818
SBP (mmHg) 131.83 ± 22.95 134.17 ± 23.14 132.15 ± 22.77 129.88 ± 21.64 130.86 ± 24.24 0.330
DBP (mmHg) 80.82 ± 14.08 79.18 ± 14.00b 81.40 ± 13.37 79.91 ± 14.32 83.25 ± 14.33d 0.045
sGlucose (mg/dL) 130.19 ± 81.51 145.85 ± 100.25a 143.93 ± 93.75 120.99 ± 65.61 108.46 ± 46.69 0.001
Urea (mg/dL) 102.91 ± 39.11 84.44 ± 33.81a 92.99 ± 30.39b 106.10 ± 35.33 130.99 ± 39.97c 0.001
Creatinine (mg/dL) 7.74 ± 3.42 6.14 ± 2.82a 6.47 ± 2.74 7.72 ± 2.76 10.87 ± 3.25 0.001
Cholesterol (mg/dL) 179.45 ± 42.62 175.21 ± 44.87 179.11 ± 41.61 181.54 ± 41.57 182.53 ± 41.93 0.386
HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) 38.53 ± 20.27 39.81 ± 20.07 37.35 ± 15.37 40.35 ± 26.97 35.32 ± 13.29 0.254
Triglycerides (mg/dL) 177.53 ± 101.97 197.32 ± 142.05e 176.05 ± 87.99 165.00 ± 78.59 168.94 ± 72.72 0.014
sAlbumin (g/dL) 3.23 ± 0.56 3.02 ± 0.54a 3.20 ± 0.56b 3.23 ± 0.52c 3.50 ± 0.53d 0.001
CRP (mg/L) 5.23 ± 9.06 6.11 ± 10.00 5.48 ± 8.31 4.39 ± 8.6 4.9 ± 8.2 <0.315
Phosphorus (mg/dL) 4.43 ± 1.32 3.03 ± 0.52a 3.93 ± 0.17b 4.66 ± 0.26e 6.31 ± 0.92c 0.001
tCa (mg/dL) 8.71 ± 1.33 8.19 ± 1.62a 8.86 ± 1.14 8.84 ± 0.96 9.05 ± 1.29d 0.001
cCaAlb (mg/dL) 9.33 ± 1.24 8.97 ± 1.53a 9.50 ± 1.08 9.45 ± 0.91 9.45 ± 1.25d 0.001
PTH (pg/mL) 34.63 ± 66.98 27.06 ± 51.70 20.27 ± 34.04 40.31 ± 71.74 53.98 ± 96.84 0.004
RR F (mL/min) 2.85 ± 2.0 3.28 ± 2.42 3.33 ± 2.35b 2.76 ± 2–12c 1.77 ± 1.33d 0.001
Ultrafiltration (mL/24 h) 837.82 ± 445.73 798.24 ± 449.43 861.11 ± 430.94 913.22 ± 483.49 763.90 ± 385.45 0.061
Follow-up (months) 17.72 ± 7.79 16.63 ± 8.07 17.43 ± 6.88 18.48 ± 8.16 18.46 ± 7.73 0.078
Deaths, all-cause (n) 93 36 14 21 22 0.066
Death rate (events/100 pts/year) 9.7 3.9 1.5 2.1 2.2
Deaths, cardiovascular (n) 54 17 7 15 16 0.383
Death rate, cardiovascular (events/100 pts/year) 5.6 1.9 0.7 1.5 1.6

Data are expressed as mean ± SD, or in frequency (%). SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; CRP, C–reactive protein; cCa, albumin-corrected calcium; PTH, parathyroid hormone; RRF, residual renal function = the mean creatinine and urea clearance. One-way ANOVA test with the significance of p < 0.005, p < 0.05, test post-hoc: aQ1 vs. Q3, Q4. bQ2 vs. Q3, Q4. cQ4 vs. Q3. dQ1 vs. Q4. eQ1 vs. Q3.