Table 1.

Highlights of the articles presented in the Research Topic CD4+ T cells in HIV: A Friend or a Foe?

Article Description	Citation
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) use was associated with a decrease in activated CD4+ T cells CD4+CCR5+CD161+ and CD4+CCR5+CD95+ cells, both at the systemic and female genital tract.	Lajoie et al.
The CXCR5+ and CXCR4+ CD4 T cell subsets are preferentially killed during HIV infection, while those that are preferentially infected exhibit an activated and exhausted effector memory cell phenotype. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis showed that the preferentially killed subsets express genes that favor abortive infection and pyroptosis, and exhibits increased mRNA expression of inflammatory caspases (caspase 1 and caspase 4) as well as the pyroptotic executioner, gasdermin D.	Luo et al.
The CD32+CD4+ T cells exhibit an activated profile and higher expression of markers associated with HIV-infected and/or reservoir cells.	Huot et al.
The CD29hi CD4 T cells can serve as a reliable marker to identify CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in rhesus macaques. These CTLs secrete higher levels of cytotoxic and proinflammatory cytokines, and elevated expression of either IL-21 or granzyme B hi T Bet+ upon antigen stimulation. CD4+ CTLs play a crucial role in limiting SIV pathogenesis and persistence. However, their expression is reduced following morphine exposure.	Olwenyi et al.
JAK1/2 inhibition by baricitinib may block HIV-induced IFN and lead to a reduction in the HIV reservoir.	de Armas et al.
This study optimized eight multispectral confocal microscopy immunofluorescence panels for a comprehensive characterization and immune-profiling of relevant immune cells in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human lymphoid tissue samples. To characterize cells harboring actively transcribed virus, authors were employed an in-situ hybridization assay in combination with additional protein markers (multispectral RNAscope). This type of analysis can increase the dimensionality and predictive power of flow-cytometry and single-cell RNA expression analyses, thus accelerating biomarker discovery in the context of infection and vaccination.	Moysi et al.
The GAS5 regulates TCR-mediated activation and apoptosis in CD4 T cells during HIV infection through miR-21-mediated signaling, results in prolonged survival of CD4 T cells during HIV.	Nguyen et al.
The composition of circulating innate and adaptive immune cells is altered in a large group of PLHIV receiving cART for more than six months. Specifically, certain adaptive immune responses (Th17) are preserved while IFN-g responses are compromised. The study suggests that the changes in the immune cell architecture and functional immunity in treated HIV highlight associations with the HIV reservoir, thereby emphasizing the importance of early cART initiation.	Van de Wijer et al.
This study demonstrates a direct causal relationship between the presence of HIV in platelets and T-cell dysfunctions in immunological non-responders (InRs), thereby providing valuable insights for the development of a targeted platelet therapy for improving immune reconstitution in these individuals.	Zhu et al.
This study documented the elevated levels of CD4+ Tfh and CD4+ Tscm cells, as well as an abundance of memory and effector T cells in HIV-2 infected individuals. Additionally, they found increased frequencies of CXCR5+ CD8+ T cells and CD8+ Tscm cells as well as memory B cells responsible for NAb development in HIV-2 infected persons.	Ponnan et al.
This systematic review on the dynamics of CD4+ T cells in SIV and HIV infection described the mechanism of CD4+ depletion, disease progression, and the influence of early ART on restoration.	Le Hingrat et al.
This review discussed the impact of HIV infection on Tfh cells and mucosal IgA responses in the GIT, as well as the implications these effects have on gut dysbiosis and mucosal immunopathogenesis.	Onabajo and Mattapallil
In this systematic review, authors performed a pooled data-analysis comparing the transcriptome profiles of latently- and reactivated HIV-1 infected cells of 5 in vitro primary CD4+ T cell models of HIV-1 latency and 2 ex vivo studies of reactivated HIV-1 infected primary CD4+ T cells from HIV-1 infected individuals. They observed 5 differentially expressed genes FRY, GCSAM, GNLY, GPR15 and MSRB2 and natural ligands (CCL4 & CCL5) and coreceptors (CXCR6) were predominantly downregulated that co-occurred in latently- and reactivated HIV-1 infected primary CD4+ T cells	Inderbitzin et al.
This study provided the overview of host characteristics and hyper-inflammatory response in COVID-19 and HIV infection to better understand the mechanisms of T cell dysfunction. The study summarized that both HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 infections are associated with CD4+ T cell loss and immunodeficiency. The study suggests that a better understanding of mechanism of T cell dysfunction will contribute to the development of targeted therapy against severe COVID-19 and will help to rationally design vaccine involving T cell response for the long-term control of viral infection	Peng et al.
In this study, reviewed the current literature on the pathogenesis of HIV/HCV coinfection, the impact of HCV coinfection on HIV disease progression in the presence of ART, the effects of HIV on HCV-associated liver morbidity, and the consequences of DAA-mediated HCV cure on immune reconstitution and HIV reservoir persistence in coinfected patients. The study also found that HIV reservoirs are higher in HCV/HIV coinfected individuals than in those with HIV mono-infection, and DAA-mediated HCV cure does not reduce HIV persistence or protect against HCV reinfection.	Gobran et al.