Table 3.
Summary of KT intervention characteristics across study arms
| KT intervention characteristics | No. (%) per study arms in included RCTs (N = 327) |
|---|---|
| Group target | |
| Patients | 140 (42.8) |
| Healthcare providers | 68 (20.8) |
| Patients and healthcare providers | 36 (11) |
| Caregivers | 16 (4.9) |
| Patients and caregivers | 10 (3.1) |
| Patients, caregivers and healthcare providers | 4 (1.2) |
| Caregivers and healthcare providers | 1 (0.3) |
| Not targeted population reported | 52 (15.9) |
| KT intervention complexity | |
| Single | 139 (42.5) |
| Multifactoriala | 60 (18.3) |
| Multiplea | 52 (15.9) |
| Not applicablec | 42 (12.8) |
| Not reported | 34 (10.4) |
| KT intervention delivery | |
| In-person | 86 (26.3) |
| Indirectb | 23 (7) |
| In-person and over telephone | 21 (6.4) |
| In-person or telephone | 9 (2.8) |
| In-person and telemonitoring | 2 (0.6) |
| Telephone | 2 (0.6) |
| Not applicablec | 56 (17.1) |
| Not reported | 128 (39.1) |
| KT intervention duration | |
| 12–14.9 months | 119 (36.4) |
| 15–20.9 months | 26 (8) |
| 21–36 months | 36 (11) |
| Not applicablec | 111 (33.9) |
| Not reported | 35 (10.7) |
| Provider of KT intervention | |
| Physician and/or nurse alone | 110 (33.6) |
| Physician/nurse + clinical staff | 41 (12.5) |
| Clinical staff | 18 (5.5) |
| Non-clinical staff | 8 (2.4) |
| Physician/nurse + non-clinical staff | 1 (0.3) |
| Not applicabled | 99 (30.2) |
| Not reported | 50 (15.3) |
| Tailoring of KT intervention | |
| Not tailored intervention | 190 (58.1) |
| Tailored intervention | 60 (18.3) |
| Not applicablee | 78 (23.9) |
a‘Multiple’ refers to multi-component interventions, where every patient received the same, fixed set of intervention components, whereas and ‘multifactorial’ refers to different sets of intervention components that the patients received, which were tailored to their clinical profile
bIndirect delivery refers to interventions not delivered face-to-face, such as home exercise, medication and self-management
cNot applicable refers to arms that are control group, not receiving a KT intervention
dNot applicable refers to providers delivering KT interventions, which may include treatment arms targeting patients without a clinical component (e.g. receiving educational material, self-management), arms targeting healthcare workers, or arms targeting caregivers. Some interventions without a provider are tailored (e.g. self-management, medication) to while others are not tailored (e.g. web-based education) to a patient’s needs
eNot applicable refers to all arms with healthcare and caregiver population, or all arms targeting patients but without a clinical component (i.e. only have a KT intervention, such as education material)