Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of NHANES 2013-18 adults aged ≥ 20 by depression
| Characteristics, n% | Sample Capacity | Depression | Non-depression | Test statistics | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 15,156 | n = 3883 | n = 11,273 | ||||||
| Gender | 124.424a | < 0.001*** | ||||||
| Male | 7301 | (48.17) | 1571 | (40.46) | 5730 | (50.83) | ||
| Female | 7855 | (51.83) | 2312 | (59.54) | 5543 | (49.17) | ||
| Age Group | -9.827b | < 0.001*** | ||||||
| 20–39 | 5031 | (33.19) | 1189 | (30.62) | 3842 | (34.08) | ||
| 40–59 | 4979 | (32.85) | 1328 | (34.20) | 3651 | (32.39) | ||
| ≥ 60 | 5146 | (33.95) | 1366 | (35.18) | 3780 | (33.53) | ||
| Race | -5.201b | < 0.001*** | ||||||
| Hispanic | 3642 | (24.03) | 973 | (25.06) | 2669 | (23.68) | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 5814 | (38.36) | 1588 | (40.90) | 4226 | (37.49) | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 3215 | (21.21) | 832 | (21.43) | 2383 | (21.14) | ||
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 1894 | (12.50) | 311 | (8.01) | 1583 | (14.04) | ||
| Other | 591 | (3.90) | 179 | (4.61) | 412 | (3.65) | ||
| Education | -11.479b | < 0.001*** | ||||||
| Below high school | 3154 | (20.81) | 1021 | (26.29) | 2133 | (18.92) | ||
| High school | 3458 | (22.82) | 958 | (24.67) | 2500 | (22.18) | ||
| Post high school | 8544 | (56.37) | 1904 | (49.03) | 6640 | (58.90) | ||
| Marital Statues | 184.221a | < 0.001*** | ||||||
| Cohabitation | 9010 | (59.45) | 1973 | (50.81) | 7037 | (62.42) | ||
| Married living alone | 3381 | (22.31) | 1125 | (28.97) | 2256 | (20.01) | ||
| Not married | 2765 | (18.14) | 785 | (20.22) | 1980 | (17.56) | ||
| Income to Poverty | 238.087a | < 0.001*** | ||||||
| Impoverished | 4825 | (31.84) | 1623 | (41.80) | 3202 | (28.40) | ||
| Moderate income | 10,331 | (68.16) | 2260 | (58.20) | 8071 | (71.60) | ||
| BMI | -9.103b | < 0.001*** | ||||||
| Underweight | 479 | (3.16) | 132 | (3.40) | 347 | (3.08) | ||
| Normal weight | 3932 | (25.94) | 863 | (22.23) | 3069 | (27.22) | ||
| Overweight | 4744 | (31.30) | 1080 | (27.81) | 3664 | (32.50) | ||
| Obese | 6001 | (39.59) | 1808 | (46.56) | 4193 | (37.20) | ||
| Physical Activity | -1.224b | 0.221 | ||||||
| Inactive | 8794 | (58.02) | 2217 | (57.10) | 6577 | (58.34) | ||
| Insufficiently active | 2962 | (19.54) | 784 | (20.19) | 2178 | (19.32) | ||
| Sufficiently active | 3400 | (22.43) | 882 | (22.71) | 2518 | (22.34) | ||
| Suicidal Attempt | 1354.514a | < 0.001*** | ||||||
| Yes | 559 | (3.69) | 516 | (13.29) | 43 | (0.38) | ||
| No | 14,597 | (96.31) | 3367 | (86.71) | 11,230 | (99.62) | ||
| Serum Vitamin D | 14.744a | < 0.001*** | ||||||
| < 30nmol/L | 1185 | (7.82) | 359 | (9.25) | 826 | (7.33) | ||
| ≥ 30nmol/L | 13,971 | (92.18) | 3524 | (90.75) | 10,447 | (92.67) | ||
a chi-square test, b Kruskal-Wallis-test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, same as below; Depression: PHQ-9 score ≥ 5, non-Depression: PHQ-9 score < 5; BMI: Body Mass Index; Vitamin D Deficiency: Serum Vitamin D < 30nmol/L