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Metabolic pathways in the macrophages
| Metabolism pathway | M1 macrophage | M2 macrophage |
|---|---|---|
| Glycolysis | Enhanced glycolysis | Glycolysis is crucial for M2 activation |
| Amino acid metabolism | Upregulated iNOS | Upregulated Arginase-1 activity |
| PPP | Increased PPP; increased NADH/NAD + ratio | Restricted PPP |
| OXPHOS | Inhibited OXPHOS | Enhanced OXPHOS |
| Lipid metabolism | Increased fatty acid synthase | Enhanced FAO |
| TCA | Disrupted TCA | Elevated TCA |
| Glutamine metabolism | No | Contributed to M2 activation |
