. 2023 Jul 24;23:517. doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-03227-0

Table 2.

Mean and Standard Deviations of Sa parameter surface roughness before and after immersion of investigated rotary endodontic instruments (nm)

Rotary endodontic instruments	Surface roughness Sa values (nm)		P value
Rotary endodontic instruments	Before immersion	After immersion	P value
CM	58.5^b ± 7	74.9^a ± 1.1	P = 0.04*
EDM	67.9^c ± 5	81.1^b ± 3.1	P = 0.001*
PTN	49.8^a ± 7.1	68.0^a ± 8	P = 0.0001*
WOG	66.6^b ± 8.6	84.1^c ± 2.4	P = 0.0001*
TN	38.8^a ± 1.3	83.1^bc ± 1.8	P = 0.0001*
P value	P = 0.0001*	P ≤ 0.04*

Means in same row have no letters as they are only two groups (before and after irrigation), while means in same column with different letters indicate significance difference. *Corresponds to significant difference (P ≤ 0.05)