Table 2.
The descriptive statistics of variables
| Variable | Mean value/ Percentage | SD | Definition and measurement |
|---|---|---|---|
| Depression | 9.91 | 5.83 | 0–29 |
| Social participation | 11.56 | 5.03 | 1–30 |
| Total CD-RISC | 49.83 | 15.66 | 5–91 |
| Factor 1: Perseverance and Leadership | 19.53 | 7.87 | 0–40 |
| Factor 2: Optimism and positive acceptance of change | 13.26 | 4.53 | 1–24 |
| Factor 3: Secure relationships and distress tolerance | 9.29 | 3.19 | 0–16 |
| Factor 4: Control ability | 7.74 | 2.34 | 1–12 |
| Gender | 34.1% | 0 = male | |
| 65.9% | 1 = female | ||
| Age group | |||
| 60–69 age group | 30.52% | 0 = 60–69 age group | |
| 70–79 age group | 46.83% | 1 = 70–79 age group | |
| 80 age above | 22.65% | 2 = 80 age above | |
| Education | |||
| Illiterate | 46.33% | 0 = illiterate | |
| Primary school | 33.92% | 1 = primary school | |
| Junior high school or above | 19.75% | 2 = junior high school or above | |
| Personal income (ln+1) | 8.92 | 1.01 | 5.71–11.29 |
| Work or not | 51.38% | 0 = without work now | |
| 48.86% | 1 = in work now or farming | ||
| Household registration type | 26.33% | 0 = urban resident | |
| 73.67% | 1 = rural resident | ||
| The number of children | 1.43 | 1.18 | 0–8 |
| The number of friends | 2.47 | 4.48 | 0–30 |
| Chronic diseases | 1.94 | 1.05 | 0–6 |
| Duration of widowhood | 12.97 | 11.06 | 0–60 |
| Life satisfaction | 3.66 | 0.93 | 1–5 |
| Smoke | 87.47% | 0 = no | |
| 12.53% | 1 = yes | ||
| Drink | 83.41% | 0 = no | |
| 7.59% | 1 = yes | ||
If the first column variable is a continuous variable, the mean value is shown in the second column; if it is a categorical variable, the percentage is shown in the second column