Table 3.
OLS estimates for social participation and psychological resilience on depression
| Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | Beta | β | Beta | β | Beta | |
| Social participation | −0.17*** (0.04) | −0.17 | −0.06* (0.04) | −0.06 | −0.05 (0.04) | −0.04 |
| Total CD-RISC | −0.16*** (0.01) | −0.43 | ||||
| Factor 1: Perseverance and leadership | 0.00 (0.03) | 0.00 | ||||
| Factor 2: Optimism and positive acceptance of change | −0.46*** (0.06) | −0.36 | ||||
| Factor 3: Secure relationships and distress tolerance | −0.26*** (0.07) | −0.14 | ||||
| Factor 4: Control ability | −0.06 (0.09) | −0.02 | ||||
| Gender | 0.95** (0.44) | 0.07 | −0.06 (0.38) | 0.01 | 0.48 (0.39) | 0.03 |
| Age group | ||||||
| 70–79 age group | 0.17 (0.42) | 0.01 | −0.37 (0.40) | −0.03 | 0.00 (0.37) | 0.00 |
| 80 age above | −0.49 (0.54) | −0.03 | −0.82 (0.49) | −0.03 | −0.36 (0.47) | −0.02 |
| Education | ||||||
| Primary school | 0.19 (0.43) | 0.02 | 0.22 (0.38) | 0.02 | 0.22 (0.38) | 0.02 |
| Junior high school or above | −0.51 (0.54) | −0.03 | 0.15 (0.49) | 0.01 | 0.17 (0.48) | 0.01 |
| Personal income | −0.15 (0.21) | −0.03 | 0.16 (0.19) | 0.03 | 0.09 (0.19) | 0.01 |
| Work or not | −1.31*** (0.41) | −0.11 | −0.84*** (0.34) | −0.07 | −0.88*** (0.34) | −0.08 |
| Household registration type | 0.76 (0.48) | 0.06 | 0.43 (0.43) | 0.03 | 0.34 (0.42) | 0.03 |
| The number of children | −0.39*** (0.15) | −0.08 | −0.26** (0.14) | −0.05 | −0.25* (0.14) | −0.05 |
| The number of friends | 0.02 (0.07) | −0.01 | 0.06 (0.06) | 0.03 | 0.04 (0.06) | 0.02 |
| Chronic diseases | 0.84*** (0.17) | 0.15 | 0.76*** (0.15) | 0.14 | 0.66*** (0.15) | 0.12 |
| Duration of widowhood | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.02 | 0.01 ((0.02) | 0.02 | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.01 |
| Life satisfaction | −2.19*** (0.20) | −0.35 | −1.68*** (0.18) | −0.27 | −1.57*** (0.18) | −0.25 |
| Smoke | −0.16 (0.62) | 0.01 | 0.09 (0.56) | 0.00 | −0.08 (0.55) | −0.00 |
| Drink | 1.32* (0.73) | 0.06 | 1.14* (0.66) | 0.05 | 0.97 (0.64) | 0.04 |
| _cons | 19.69*** (2.23) | 21.76*** (2.00) | 23.13*** (1.98) | |||
| AIC | 4779.0 | 4608.81 | 4575.92 | |||
| BIC | 4858.5 | 4692.91 | 4674.13 | |||
| N | 790 | 790 | 790 | |||
*p < 0.01; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01