Table 5.

Covariates balancing property test before and after matching (Treatment variable is psychological resilience)

Variable	Unadjusted			Adjusted for the GPS
	[5, 42]	[43, 57]	[58, 91]	[5, 42]	[43, 57]	[58, 91]
	MD (SE)	MD (SE)	MD (SE)	MD (SE)	MD (SE)	MD (SE)
Gender	1.65 (0.94)	0.82 (0.62)	1.47 (0.96)	0.05 (0.03)	−0.09*** (0.03)	0.08*** (0.03)
Age group
70–79 age group	0.62 (0.88)	0.51 (0.55)	−0.06 (0.96)	0.03 (0.04)	−0.05 (0.03)	0.03 (0.04)
80 age above	0.24 (1.00)	0.14 (0.67)	−1.68 (1.21)	−0.01 (0.03)	0.01 (0.03)	0.00 (0.03)
Education
Primary school	0.19 (0.97)	−0.21 (0.57)	2.14** (0.99)	0.03 (0.03)	−0.05 (0.03)	0.02 (0.03)
Junior high school or above	−1.84 (1.32)	−1.13 (0.72)	−2.67 ** (1.04)	0.01 (0.03)	0.02 (0.02)	−0.08*** (0.02)
Personal income	24.55 *** (0.43)	41.09*** (0.27)	58.47*** (0.47)	0.11 (0.06)	−0.02 (0.058)	−0.28 (0.06)
Work or not	−3.21*** (0.91)	−0.49 (0.56)	0.44 (0.97)	0.07 (0.04)	−0.10 (0.03)	−0.01 (0.04)
Household registration type	1.26 (1.20)	0.76 (0.64)	2.21*** (0.97)	−0.04 (0.03)	−0.01 (0.02)	0.12*** (0.03)
The number of children	31.82*** (0.44)	48.58*** (0.28)	66.21 ** (0.48)	0.04 (0.09)	−0.01 (0.08)	−0.19** (0.09)
The number of friends	31.24*** (0.44)	47.94*** (0.31)	64.91*** (0.49)	0.02 (0.22)	0.25 (0.19)	−0.74*** (0.21)
Chronic diseases	31.02*** (0.44)	48.11*** (0.28)	65.98*** (0.48)	−0.06 (0.08)	0.04 (0.07)	0.04 (0.08)
Life satisfaction	29.80*** (0.43)	46.26*** (0.27)	63.83*** (0.48)	0.04 (0.05)	−0.14*** (0.06)	−0.11 (0.06)
Duration of widowhood	18.53*** (0.90)	37.56*** (0.71)	56.03***(0.79)	0.02 (0.85)	0.74 (0.81)	0.98 (0.91)
Smoke	−0.46 (1.29)	0.22 (0.89)	−1.25 (1.41)	−0.02 (0.02)	0.02 (0.02)	−0.02 (0.02)
Drink	−2.49 (1.69)	−0.47 (1.12)	1.65 (1.67)	−0.02 (0.02)	0.02 (0.02)	−0.01 (0.02)

Mean Difference (MD) (Standard error, SE, in parenthesis)

*p < 0.01; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01