Table 2.
Characteristics of 45 GGNs from 40 patients who underwent an unsuccessful preoperative procedure of CT-guided hookwire or coil localization and VATS
| Characteristic | No. of lesions |
|---|---|
| Marking material | |
| Hookwire | 24 |
| Coil | 21 |
| The types of unsuccessful localization | |
| Dislodgement | 15 |
| Breakaway | 5 |
| The distancemore more than 2 cm between the lesion and the tip of wires or coils | 7 |
| Marking material in different lung lobes adjacent to GGN | 3 |
| Pneumothorax | 15 |
| Marking materials stuck into walls | 2 |
| Remedies | |
| palpation | 20 |
| Resecting the highly suspected areas | 9 |
| Segmentectomy | 7 |
| Lobectomy | 9 |
| Histological diagnosis | |
| Interstitial fibrous tissue proliferation | 4 |
| Atypical adenomatoid hyperplasia | 7 |
| Adenocarcinoma in situ | 8 |
| Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma | 10 |
| Invasive adenocarcinoma. | 16 |