Table 1.

Four types of HR strategy to manage health workforce performance

HR strategy	Examples
Availability	Creating new staff posts; filling staff posts (recruitment and retention); reducing levels of staff absence
Direction	Providing information and guidance on what work staff should do (including through job descriptions; appraisal; and supervision)
Competencies	Merit-based recruitment; appraisal; and training and development
Rewards and sanctions	Strategies to influence staff behaviour and therefore their performance using financial or non-financial (including intrinsic) rewards; or sanctions (withholding benefits or taking disciplinary action)