Table 1.
Demographic data and clinical characteristics of CVT in Adolescents
| Total (n = 53) |
Non-CVT (n = 32) |
CVT (n = 21) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender(Male), n(%) | 29 (54.7) | 20 (62.5) | 9 (42.9) | 0.16 |
| Mean age(y), Mean ± SD | 15.2 ± 1.8 | 15.4 ± 1.6 | 15.0 ± 2.0 | 0.403 |
| BMI, Mean ± SD | 22.6 ± 5.2 | 22.1 ± 5.2 | 23.4 ± 5.2 | 0.376 |
| Type of onset*, n(%) | 47 (88.7) | 28 (87.5) | 19 (90.5) | 1 |
|
Mean delay between first symptom and diagnosis(SD), d |
7.0 ± 14.9 | 7.7 ± 16.6 | 5.8 ± 12.1 | 0.668 |
| mRS 0–1 at admission, n(%) | 42(79.2) | 29(90.6) | 13(61.9) | 0.017 |
| Deterioration during hospitalization, n(%) | 8 (15.1) | 2 (6.2) | 6 (28.6) | 0.047 |
| mRS 0–1 at discharge, n(%) | 48 (90.6) | 32 (100) | 16 (76.2) | 0.007 |
| CVST-associated conditions, n(%) | 47 (88.7) | 27 (84.4) | 20 (95.2) | 0.384 |
| Malignant hemopathy/cancer | 1 ( 1.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (4.8) | 0.396 |
| Myeloproliferative neoplasms | 2 ( 3.8) | 1 (3.1) | 1 (4.8) | 1 |
| PNH | 2 ( 3.8) | 0 (0) | 2 (9.5) | 0.152 |
| Systemic disease | 12 (22.6) | 8 (25) | 4 (19) | 0.743 |
| Thrombophilia | 24 (45.3) | 14 (43.8) | 10 (47.6) | 0.782 |
| General cause of hypercoagulability | 16(30.2) | 10(31.2) | 6(28.6) | 0.835 |
| Infection | 16 (30.2) | 10 (31.2) | 6 (28.6) | 0.835 |
| Noninfectious local cause | 4 ( 7.5) | 2 (6.2) | 2 (9.5) | 1 |
| CVST risk factors, n(%) | 14 (27.5) | 5 (16.7) | 9 (42.9) | 0.039 |
| Oral contraception | 1 ( 1.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (4.8) | 0.396 |
| Obesity | 13 (25.5) | 5 (16.7) | 8 (38.1) | 0.084 |
| Clinical presentation, n(%) | ||||
| Headache, ICP ↑† | 35 (67.3) | 19 (61.3) | 16 (76.2) | 0.261 |
| Papilloedema | 33 (62.3) | 20 (62.5) | 13 (61.9) | 0.965 |
| Visual disturbance | 9 (17.0) | 5 (15.6) | 4 (19) | 1 |
| Seizure | 14 (26.4) | 5 (15.6) | 9 (42.9) | 0.028 |
| Focal neurological deficits‡ | 12 (22.6) | 7 (21.9) | 5 (23.8) | 1 |
| Encephalopathy§ | 11 (20.8) | 7 (21.9) | 4 (19) | 1 |
Abbreviations: CVT, cortical vein thrombosis; SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; CVST, cerebral venous thrombosis; PNH, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria; ICP, intracranial pressure
* acute/subacute
† Elevated intracranial pressure with opening pressure of > 25 cm H2O
‡ Motor deficits, aphasia, sensory deficits, hemianopia
§ Neuropsychological symptom, disturbance of consciousness, coma