Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population
| Parameter | Total population n = 1491 |
Term n = 1368 (91.8%) |
Preterm n = 123 (8.2%) |
P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at examination, years | 16.3 ± 1.1 | 16.4 ± 1.1 | 16.2 ± 1.1 | 0.177a |
| Sex, female (%) | 887 (59.5) | 819 (59.9) | 68 (55.3) | 0.338b |
| FAS-Score, high (%) | 984 (66.0) | 906 (66.2) | 78 (63.4) | 0.523b |
| Education (%) | ||||
| High school | 507 (34.0) | 468 (34.2) | 39 (31.7) | 0.575b |
| Vocational school | 820 (55.0) | 746 (54.5) | 74 (60.2) | 0.229b |
| Trainee | 164 (11.0) | 154 (11.3) | 10 (8.1) | 0.288b |
| Mean gestational age, weeks | 39.4 ± 2.0 | 39.8 ± 1.2 | 34.6 ± 2.4 | < 0.01c |
| Non-smokers (%) | 1086 (72.8) | 997 (72.9) | 89 (72.4) | 0.831b |
| Healthy diet score, components (n) | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 0.495a |
| Physical activity (min/day) | 53.0 (30–60) | 53.1 (25–60) | 52.6 (30–60) | 0.362c |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.8 ± 3.5 | 21.8 ± 3.5 | 21.5 ± 3.3 | 0.510c |
| SBP (mmHg) | 122.3 11.5 | 122.1 ± 11.5 | 124.5 ± 11.7 | 0.024c |
| z-score Systolic BP | 0.6 ± 1.1 | 0.6 ± 1.1 | 0.8 ± 1.0 | 0.014c |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71.3 ± 7.6 | 71.1 ± 7.6 | 72.9 ± 7.6 | 0.026c |
| z-score Diastolic BP | 0.2 ± 1.1 | 0.2 ± 1.1 | 0.5 ± 1.1 | 0.01c |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 160.0 (138.0–177.5) | 160.0 (139.0–178.0) | 157.6 (137.0–175.0) | 0.277c |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl) | 76.7 ± 9.4 | 76.7 ± 9.4 | 77.2 ± 9.0 | 0.571a |
Values are displayed as n (%), mean ± SD, median (IQR) or %. BMI Body Mass Index, DBP diastolic blood pressure, SBP systolic blood pressure, FAS Family Affluence Score, *P values are derived from aStudent ´s t-test, bPearson-χ 2- test and cMann-Whitney-U-Test