Table 1. Correlation between rhinosinusitis and stroke.

CRS: chronic rhinosinusitis, HR: hazard ratio, L-M: Lund-Mackay

Author	Year	Type of Study	n	Results
Wu et al [1]	2012	Prospective cohort study	268277; Patients: 53656; Controls: 214624	(1) Patients with rhinosinusitis were more likely to suffer strokes than controls (adjusted HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.28-1.50; (2) The HR of stroke was 1.39 (95% CI, 1.28-1.51) for ARS patients, and 1.34 (95% CI, 1.04-1,74) for CRS patients.
Kang et al. [2]	2013	Population-based cohort study	63384; Patients: 15846; Controls: 47538	subjects with CRS were more likely than comparison subjects to have a diagnosis of ischemic stroke during the 5-year follow-up period (HR 1⁄4 1.34, 95% CI 1⁄4 1.18–1.53)
Lee et al. [3]	2018	National cohort study	114795; Patients: 22959; Controls: 91836	Significantly increased HR for hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke in the CRS patients compared to controls (adjusted HR = 2.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.10– 2.80 for hemorrhagic stroke; adjusted HR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.61–1.92 for ischemic stroke)
Stryjewska‐Makuch et al. [4]	2021	Retrospective case-control study	238 Patients: 163; Controls: 75	Inflammatory sinus lesions of moderate or high severity were more often observed in patients with stroke than in the control group and they mainly involved the ethmoid sinuses.
Perez Barreto et al. [6]	2000	Case report	4	Large vessel stroke involving the internal carotid artery territory in patients with extensive disease of the sphenoid and other sinuses
Righini et al. [7]	2009	Case report	1	A 28-year-old woman with acute sphenoid sinusitis complicated by ischemic stroke in the left caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus, and posterior part of the internal capsule.
Rochat et al. [8]	2001	Case report	1	A 10-year-old girl with severe acute pansinusitis and ischemic stroke in the right lentiform nucleus and the anterior part of the right internal capsule
Fabre et al. [9]	2018	Case report	1	middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke secondary to inflammatory arteritis of the left internal carotid artery in a context of bilateral acute maxillary sinusitis in a 6-year-old girl.
Davison et al. [10]	2021	Case report	1	acute stroke in the setting of severe acute pansinusitis in a 9-year-old male
Fu et al. [11]	2015	Case report	1	Basilar artery territory stroke secondary to invasive fungal sphenoid sinusitis in a 38-year-old man
Jeon et al. [12]	2022	Longitudinal follow-up study	32760; Patients: 6552; Controls: 26208	(1) Significantly increased risk for stroke in CRS patients compared to controls; (2) Significantly higher HR of stroke in the absence of nasal polyps than in the presence of nasal polyps
Kim et al. [13]	2019	Population-based, long-term longitudinal study	44286; Patients: 14762; Controls: 29524	HR of stroke in patients with CRS versus controls: 1.16 (95% CI, 1.08-1.24)
Rosenthal et al. [14]	2016	Retrospective study	173	Incidental paranasal sinusitis (MRI) was strongly associated with cerebrovascular disease (p<0,001)
Puz et al. [15]	2021	Retrospective study	311	Significant difference in the neurological status of stroke patients between mild and severe L-M score (p = 0.02)