Table 1.
A comprehensive review of all 150 published cases of WLPTC.
| Report | Number of cases | Sex | Mean age (yrs) [range] |
Clinical presentation | Thyroid function | US findings | FNA findings | Tumor size (cm) [range] | Mutifocal DTC | CLT | Positive thyroid antibodies | Lymph node metastases | Distant metastases | Mean followup (months) [range] | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apel et al. (1995) (13) | 13 | 1M : 12F | 44 [26-66] | N/D | N/D | N/D | N/D | 1.6 [0.3-3.5] | 1/13 | 10/13 | N/D | 3/13 | No | N/D | N/D |
| Tazawa et al. (1999) (14) | 4 | 4F | 50 [49-53] | N/D | N/D | N/D | N/D | 1.9 [1.5-3] | 0/4 | 4/4 | N/D | 4/4 | No | N/D | N/D |
| Baloch et al. (2000) (15) | 17 | 2M : 15F | [23-63] | 16 NS 1 incidental | N/D | N/D | 4 PTC features 2 CLT features 1 Atypical cells | 1.3 [0.3-3.5] | N/D | 17/17 | N/D | 3/17 | No | N/D | 12% Favorable 88% Unknown |
| D'antonio et al. (2000) (16) | 3 | 1M : 2F | 50 [43-56] | N/D | N/D | N/D | 2 PTC features 1 NC |
1.4 [1.3-1.5] | 0/3 | 3/3 | N/D | 0/3 | No | 16 [3-3 6] | Favorable |
| Ludvíková et al. (2001) (17) | 12 | 1M : 11F | 64 [45-85] | NS | N/D | N/D | N/D | 2.7 [1-5] | N/D | 11/12 | N/D | 2/12 | No | 23 [4-51] | 92% Favorable 8% Unknown |
| Kim et al. (2006) (18) | 5 | 5 F | 52 [33-65] | N/D | N/D | N/D | N/D | 1.5 [0.9-2] | 1/5 | 4/5 | N/D | 0/5 | No | N/D | N/D |
| Paker et al.(2011) (19) | 1 | F | 47 | NS | N/D | Partially cystic hyperechogenic nodule | PTC features | 3 | 0/1 | 1/1 | N/D | 0/1 | No | 11 | Favorable |
| Paliogiannis et al. (2012) (20) | 1 | F | 22 | Incidental | HypoT | Hypoechoic nodule with irregular margins and rich vascularization. | PTC/ CLT | 1.8 | 0/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 0/1 | No | 12 | Favorable |
| Ersen et al. (2013) (21) | 4 | 1M : 3F | 39 (20–56) | N/D | N/D | N/D | 2 SFM 1 PTC features 1 N/P | 1.7 [0.9-2] | 3/4 | 4/4 | N/D | 0/4 | No | 25 [22-26] | Favorable |
| Han et al. (2015) (22) | 1 | F | 65 | T1DM | EuT | Hypoechoic nodule with a hyperechoic spot, irregular margins, and rich vascularization | SFM | 0.5 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | No | N/D | N/D |
| Padma et al. (2015) (23) | 1 | F | 21 | NS | HyperT | N/D | PTC/CLT | 1.5 | 0/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 0/1 | No | N/D | N/D |
| González-Colunga et al. (2015) (24) | 1 | F | 36 | NS | SCh | Hypoechoic nodule with irregular margins, central vascularity, incomplete halo, and microcalcifications | Atypical cells | 1.7 | 0/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | No | 12 | Favorable |
| Kim et al. (2016) (25) | 9 | 1M : 8F | 50 [32-75] | N/D | 1 Sch 8 EuT | 5/9 Solid 7/8 Hypoechoic 1/8 Isoechoeic 4/8 Well-defined boarders 3/8 Irregular borders 3/8 Microcalcifications 9/9 Wider-than-larger | 6 PTC features 1 SFM 1 N/P | 1.1 [0.5-1.5] | 2/9 | 9/9 | N/D | 3/9 | No | 72 [12-132] | Favorable |
| Sánchez Fuentes et al. (2017) [38] | 1 | F | 33 | Multinodular goiter | SCh | Hypoechoeic heterogeous goiter | N/D | 0.3 | 0/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 0/1 | No | 12 | Favorable |
| Vallonthaiel et al. (2017) (26) | 1 | F | 30 | NS | HypoT | Echogenic nodule | PTC/CLT | 2 | 0/1 | 1/1 | N/D | 0/1 | No | 14 | Favorable |
| Wajahat et al. (2018) (27) | 1 | M | 42 | NS | SCh | Hypoechoic nodule with regular margins | PTC features | 3.5 | 0/1 | 1/1 | N/D | 0/1 | No | N/D | N/D |
| Hirokawa et al. (2018) (28) | 17 | 4M : 13F | 52.2 [31–77] | N/D | 1 TypoT 16 EuT | N/D | N/D | 1.6 [0.6–3.2] | 0/17 | 14/17 | 14/17 | 8/17 | No | N/D | N/D |
| Xavier-Júnior et al. (2019) (29) | 3 | 3F | 57 [54-60] | NS | N/D | 2 Hypoechoeic nodules 1 Solid nodule with cystic changes | 2 Atypical cells 1 SFM | 1.9 [1-2.5] | 1/3 | 3/3 | N/D | 1/3 | No | N/D | N/D |
| Ning et al. (2019) (30) | 32 | 5M : 27F | 51 [30-74] | 3/32 NS 29/32 Incidental |
14/32 HyperT 2/32 SCH 1/32 SCh 15/32 EuT |
32/32 solid 26/33 Hypoechoic 6/33 Taller-than-wider shape | 9 /31 PTC features 22/32 SFM 1/32 N/P |
1.2 [0.5-3] | 2/32 | 28/32 | 22/32 | 8/32 | No | N/D | N/D |
| Villalba Ferrer et al. (2020) (31) | 1 | F | 59 | NS | EuT | Solid hypoechoic nodule with no halo, scarce vascularization and ill-defined margins | Benign cytology | 2 | 0/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 0/1 | No | 18 months | Favorable |
| Olmos et al. (2020) (32) | 17 | 1M : 16F | 39 | N/D | N/D | N/D | N/D | 1.5 [0.4-3] | 10/17 | 10/17 | 11/17 | 7/17 | No | 2 (0.6-6.6) | 23% Favorable 77% Indeterminate |
| Agrawal et al. (2021) (33) | 1 | F | 43 | NS | EuT | Solid-cystic, wider-than-taller hypoechoic nodule with a few echogenic foci | PTC/CLT | 2.5 | 1/1 | 1/1 | N/D | 1/1 | No | N/D | N/D |
| Curto et al. (2021) (34) | 1 | F | 43 | Multiple sclerosis | EuT | Nodule with hyperechogenic spots | N/D | 0.8 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 | No | 7 | Favorable |
| Sanyal et al. (2022) (35) | 1 | F | 60 | NS | EuT | Hypoechoic nodule with complete peripheral halo and ill-defined margins | PTC features | 4.5 | 0/1 | 1/1 | N/D | 0/1 | No | 6 | Favorable |
| Hu et al. (2022) (36) | 1 | F | 69 | Multinodular goiter | N/D | Solid hypoechoic wider-than-larger nodules | N/D | 1.3 | 1/1 | 1/1 | N/D | 0/1 | No | N/D | N/D |
| Present case | 1 | F | 27 | 2 NS | EuT | Hypoechoic taller-than-wider nodules | N/P | 0.8 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | No | 12 | Favorable |
| Summary | 150 | 132 F (88%) 18 M (12%) | 39 [20-77] | 72 Unknown 43 NS 31 Incidental 2 Goiter 2 AID |
45 EuT 3HypoT 5 SCh 2 SCH 15 HyperT 80 N/D |
Variable | 39% PTC features 42,2% SFM 3,1% CLT 6,3% PTC/LT 6,3% Atypical cells 3,1% benign or NC |
2.1 [0.3-5] | 81% Unifocal 19% Multifocal | 69.3% | 71.6% | 28% | No | Variable ranging from 6 months to 11 years | Commonly favorable |
PTC, Papillary Thyroid Cancer; WLPTC, Warthin-like Papillary Thyroid Cancer; N/D, Not Detailed; N/P, Not Performed; M, Male F, Female; NS, Neck Swelling; EuT, Euthyroid; HypoT, Hypothyroidism; SCh, Subclinical Hypothyroidism; HyperT, Hyperthyroidism; SCH, Subclinical Hyperthyroidism; SFM, Suspicious for Malignancy; CLT, Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis; PTC/CLT, Papillary Thyroid Cancer on a Background of Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis; NC, Non-Conclusive; DTC, Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.