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The major mechanisms regulating ferroptosis. The mechanisms underlying lipid peroxidation, regulatory signaling, intracellular iron storage/release and import/export, and ferritinophagy in ferroptosis. The major pathways that regulate ferroptosis include glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)-glutathione (GSH), ferroptosis-suppressor-protein 1 (FSP1)-CoQ10, FSP1-vitamin K (VK), dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH)-CoQ, and GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1)-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4).
