Anodic reaction: R-COOH + H2O $\hspace{0.17em}\overrightarrow{\mathrm{E}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{s}}$ 2CO2 + 8H+ + 8e−	(1)
Cathodic reaction: 8H+ + 8e− + 2O2 $\to$ 4H2O	(2)
Carbonate buffering reaction: CO2 + H2O $\leftrightarrow$ H2CO3 $\leftrightarrow$ H+ + HCO3−	(3)
Photosynthesis: nCO2 + nH2O $\to$ (CH2O)n + nO2 (in the presence of algae)	(4)