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. 2023 Jul 24;43(1):1–18. doi: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2234430

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Effect of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) infection on IL-10 and IL-12 production in monocytic cells. PCV2 capsid protein (Cap) interacts with gC1qR or other cellular proteins, activating PI3K/akt pathway typically in the early phase of infection, and p38-MAPK and ERK in late phases. The activated transcription factors enhance IL-10 expression, while inhibition of NF-κB p65/p50 and the upregulation of virus-triggered miRNAs result in IL-12 and IFN-γ transcription downregulation, and posttranslational decrease of the IL-12 level.