Table I.
Participants’ characteristics and comparison between those with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), defined as having Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≤ 23 and those without
| With PSCI (n = 104) | Without PSCI (n = 114) | Total (n = 218) | p-values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 74.9 (11.6) | 65.6 (12.5) | 70.1 (12.9) | < 0.001 |
| Sex, male/female, n | 47/57 | 72/42 | 119/99 | 0.007 |
| Type of stroke, infarction/haemorrhage/subarachnoid haemorrhage, n | 70/23/11 | 71/37/6 | 141/60/17 | 0.201 |
| Past history of stroke, n (%) | 29 (27.9) | 14 (12.3) | 43 (19.7) | < 0.001 |
| Past history of dementia, n (%) | 15 (14.4) | 1 (0.9) | 16 (7.3) | < 0.001 |
| Duration from stroke onset to admission, days, median (min–max) | 37.5 (14–58) | 29.0 (9–58) | 33 (9–58) | < 0.001 |
| Length of stay in the rehabilitation hospital, days, median (min–max) | 96.0 (10–179) | 70.0 (15–179) | 85.0 (10–179) | < 0.001 |
| MMSE, median (IQR) | ||||
| Admission | 19 (15–22) | 28 (26–29) | 24 (19–28) | < 0.001 |
| Discharge | 22 (18–25) | 29 (26–30) | 26 (22–29) | < 0.001 |
| Difference | 3 (1–5) | 1 (–0.75–2) | 1.0 (0–4) | < 0.001 |
| FIM, median (IQR) | ||||
| Motor domain | ||||
| Admission | 34.5 (24–54) | 58 (45.75–72.25) | 49.5 (32–66) | < 0.001 |
| Discharge | 67.5 (49–81) | 85 (77–88) | 79 (63.75–87) | < 0.001 |
| Efficiency | 0.28 (0.15–0.37) | 0.32 (0.23–0.42) | 0.30 (0.20–0.40) | 0.004 |
| Cognitive domain | ||||
| Admission | 19 (15–24) | 30 (25–33) | 25 (18–30) | < 0.001 |
| Discharge | 24 (18–28.75) | 33 (30–35) | 30 (24–34) | < 0.001 |
| Efficiency | 0.03 (0.00–0.07) | 0.03 (0.00–0.07) | 0.03 (0.00–0.07) | 0.990 |
| Total | ||||
| Admission | 53 (40–76) | 88.5 (74–102) | 75 (51–92) | < 0.001 |
| Discharge | 67 (48.5–81) | 115 (110.25–121) | 110 (88.25–117.75) | < 0.001 |
| Efficiency | 0.31 (0.19–0.43) | 0.34 (0.26–0.49) | 0.33 (0.22–0.47) | 0.010 |
SD: standard deviation; FIM: Functional Independence Measure; IQR: interquartile range.