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Fig. 21. (a–c). Diagram of energy level plans and electron inoculation properties of SnO2- and TiO2-based planar PSCs, (d) transient absorption findings, (e) current–voltage (J–V) curves of TiO2- and SnO2-based planar mixed halide-mixed cation PSCs (reproduced with permission from ref. 184. Copyright 2015 RSC).