Table 3.
Mean, standard deviation, score range, and level of caring practice categorized by overall, each item, and subscales (N = 218)
| Caring Practice | M | SD | Score Range (Min–Max) | Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 3.96 | 0.04 | 1.86–5.00 | High |
| Persons are caring by virtue of their humanness | 3.75 | 0.04 | 1.75–5.0 | High |
| 1. I use special techniques which are appropriate for each patient to care for them. | 3.79 | 0.88 | 1.00–5.00 | |
| 2. I know the patient’s physical self and emotional conditions in a particular moment. | 3.90 | 0.79 | 1.00–5.00 | |
| 3. I value patients that they know their own selves and their care routine well. | 3.34 | 1.04 | 1.00–5.00 | |
| 4. I assist my patients in creating a shared sense of safety and security. | 4.00 | 0.76 | 2.00–5.00 | |
| The ideal of wholeness is a perspective of unity | 4.00 | 0.05 | 2.00–5.00 | High |
| 5. I engage in compassion, physical presence, and comforting, and respect the whole person of my patients. | 4.16 | 0.71 | 2.00–5.00 | |
| 6. I use technology and unbiased caring to build a patient’s self-worth. | 4.06 | 0.80 | 1.00–5.00 | |
| 7. I am more concerned about the patient’s wholeness (e.g., background, belief, hope, and faith) than their physical parts. | 4.00 | 0.86 | 1.00–5.00 | |
| 8. I concern about patients’ personal hopes and dreams, which may change from one moment to the next. | 3.81 | 0.87 | 1.00–5.00 | |
| Knowing persons is a multidimensional process | 4.04 | 0.05 | 1.40–5.00 | High |
| 9. I use technology to know who and what the patient is, such as the patient’s signs, symptoms, and needs. | 4.10 | 0.75 | 2.00–5.00 | |
| 10. I provide caring for patients via listening to, doing things with, and being with the patient. | 4.07 | 0.72 | 2.00–5.00 | |
| 11. I balance the demands of using machine technologies competently with caring in nursing. | 4.14 | 0.76 | 2.00–5.00 | |
| 12. I pay attention to each patient’s conditions and related data and include them in designing care plans to ensure the accuracy and completeness of my care. | 4.00 | 0.83 | 1.00–5.00 | |
| 13. I use many ways of knowing to know the patient, such as communication, observation, reasoning, imagination, and sense-perception. | 3.91 | 0.80 | 1.00–5.00 | |
| Technologies of health and nursing are elements for caring | 4.01 | 0.05 | 1.00–5.00 | High |
| 14. I use the machines/devices proficiently, aiming to provide the best care to my patients. | 4.13 | 0.77 | 2.00–5.00 | |
| 15. I practice and follow up on tasks and emotions and use creativity in meeting/ exceeding patient needs. | 3.96 | 0.77 | 1.00–5.00 | |
| 16. I know the patient by involving and respecting the person as a whole person and complete in each moment. | 3.98 | 0.77 | 1.00–5.00 | |
| 17. I use technology and human touch together in order to relate to patients with true presence and caring intentions. | 3.97 | 0.79 | 2.00–5.00 | |
| Nursing as a discipline and professional practice | 3.99 | 0.05 | 1.20–5.00 | High |
| 18. I practice nursing within a caring perspective in the assessment and interpretation of healthcare data. | 3.99 | 0.76 | 2.00–5.00 | |
| 19. I acknowledge patient needs while respecting all belief systems and focusing on patient healing. | 4.06 | 0.77 | 1.00–5.00 | |
| 20. I, my patients, and their family members share knowledge and experience. | 3.91 | 0.82 | 1.00–5.00 | |
| 21. I provide caring in nursing to reduce vulnerability and other stresses/anxiety inherent in nurse-patient relationships. | 4.06 | 0.72 | 2.00–5.00 | |
| 22. I provide selfless commitment to patients’ needs, hopes, and dreams. | 3.97 | 0.79 | 1.00–5.00 |