Table 2.
Mean, standard deviation, and 95% confidence interval of the TCCNI-R
| Question number and Items (N = 421) | Mean | SD | 95% CI |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LL | UL | ||||
| Factor 1: Nursing Expressions as Caring | |||||
| Q17 | Nurses must act by carefully listening to the patient’s voices and showing compassion for the patient. | 4.38 | 0.74 | 4.31 | 4.45 |
| Q16 | Nurses must be devoted to meeting the patients’ needs, hopes, wishes, and dreams. | 4.09 | 0.85 | 4.01 | 4.17 |
| Q14 | Nurses must emphasize thoughtful consideration of patients’ feelings, giving encouragement and respect to patients. | 4.45 | 0.72 | 4.38 | 4.52 |
| Q13 | Nursing is caring to maintain patients’ lifestyles and allow them to regain their healthy lives. | 4.13 | 0.85 | 4.05 | 4.21 |
| Q18 | Nurses must consider the patient’s stress and anxiety occurring in the nurse-patient relationship. | 4.40 | 0.72 | 4.33 | 4.47 |
| Factor 2: Technological Competency as Caring | |||||
| Q22 | Caring is nurses’ involvement with patients and families in ways that allow others to grow together in the nursing situations shared. | 4.20 | 0.74 | 4.13 | 4.27 |
| Q23 | Nurses use technological competency as an expression of caring in order to know patients and their families. | 4.03 | 0.80 | 3.95 | 4.11 |
| Q21 | Knowing a patient is understanding the whole patient, always regarding the person as an irreplaceable human being. | 4.33 | 0.73 | 4.26 | 4.40 |
| Q25 | Nurses use technology and caring to facilitate patients’ recovery with enhanced self-esteem. | 3.70 | 0.83 | 3.62 | 3.78 |
| Q20 | Nurses’ competence includes the use of medical technologies from the perspective of being a compassionate person. | 4.16 | 0.75 | 4.09 | 4.23 |
| Q19 | Knowing a patient is not only focusing on the person’s physical aspects but also accurately understanding “who is this person?” | 4.38 | 0.72 | 4.32 | 4.45 |
| Factor 3: Technology and Caring | |||||
| Q3 | Nurses must provide care for patients by using necessary technologies. | 3.79 | 0.78 | 3.72 | 3.87 |
| Q2 | Nurses are professionals who express caring utilizing technology from the perspective of compassion to patients. | 3.73 | 0.82 | 3.65 | 3.81 |
| Q4 | Nurses must provide nursing care through the harmonious interactions between technology and caring. | 4.05 | 0.78 | 3.97 | 4.12 |
| Factor 4: Technological Knowing | |||||
| Q11 | Nurses must complete their nursing duties within the established timeframe without needing to know the patient’s feelings or needs. (R) | 3.88 | 1.20 | 3.77 | 4.00 |
| Q15 | Nurses do not need to provide nursing care that includes the patients’ physical and emotional conditions every moment. (R) | 4.52 | 0.95 | 4.43 | 4.61 |
| Q7 | Nurses do not care for patients by knowing their health data. (R) | 4.36 | 0.98 | 4.27 | 4.45 |
| Q24 | Technology is not useful for understanding patients’ health conditions. (R) | 4.09 | 0.93 | 4.00 | 4.18 |
| Q5 | Nurses do not need to consider providing nursing care because each patient’s wishes always change. (R) | 4.04 | 0.91 | 3.95 | 4.12 |
SD: Standard Deviation, CI: Confidence Interval, LL: Lower Limit, UL: Upper Limit. (R) reverse scoring; those are negatively worded items (Q5, Q7, Q11, Q15, and Q24) in the TCCNI-R. Likert scale measurement, with values ranging from 1 as Strongly Disagree; 2 Disagree; 3 Neutral; 4 Agree; to 5 as Strongly Agree.