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. 2023 Jun 23;14(7):3584–3596. doi: 10.1364/BOE.494620

Table 1. The Optical Stimulation Parameters in Auditory Nerves.

Subject In vivo / vitro Wavelength Pulse width & Frequency Energy Density Reference
Cat and guinea pig cochleae In vivo 1850nm 1860nm 100 µs @ 100Hz 20 µJ/pulse  (2018, Xu, Yingyue et al. [1])
Spiral ganglion neurons in the guinea pigs of cochlea In vivo 980nm 20 µs - 500 µs @ - 10 to 102 mJ/cm2  (2017, Wang J.X. et al. [21])
Spiral ganglion neurons in the guinea pigs of cochlea In vivo 810nm 20 µs −300 µs @ 11Hz 20.4 to 1.02 × 103 mJ/cm2  (2016, Wang J.X. et al. [22])
Basilar membrane of guinea pigs In vivo 532nm 10 ns @ 10Hz 0.6 to 23µJ/pulse  (2009, Wenzel G. I. et al. [28])
Cochlear spiral ganglion cells of the gerbil In vivo 1855nm 35 µs - 1 ms @ 13Hz 5.29 ± 0.6 mJ/cm2 (2007, Agnella D. Izzo et al. [7])
Cochlear spiral ganglion cells of the gerbil In vivo 2120nm 250 µs @ 2Hz 18 ± 3 mJ/cm2  (2006, Agnella D. Izzo et al. [4])