FIGURE 3.

(a) Datasets generated with the sample size calculated to have 90% power at a two-sided 5% significance level using the $n_{\text{IPRW}}$, $n_{\text{known}}$, $n_{\text{approx}}$ and $n_{\text{standard}}$ formulas when weighting by a baseline binary covariate in an IRT, where the probability of the outcome being observed $\varphi =P\left(R_i=1\right)$ is varied on the x-axis. (b) Simulation results displaying the empirical power for each sample size with the IPRW estimator.