Table 5.

Anthropometrics for subjects with functional constipation.

Outcome	Probiotics	Control	Group difference
			p-value
Baseline
Height, cm	165.0 ± 7.3	163.7 ± 8.9	0.498
Body weight, kg	73.2 ± 11.4	71.9 ± 12.1	0.666
BMI, kg/m2	26.7 ± 2.7	26.7 ± 2.5	0.926
Waist circumference, cm	89.7 ± 9.5	89.1 ± 10.0	0.824
Hip circumference, cm	102.2 ± 7.4	100.4 ± 7.3	0.290
Fat percent, %	28.1 ± 4.4	27.9 ± 3.9	0.897
BMR, kj/m2·h	1503.6 ± 229.2	1483.1 ± 245.8	0.719
Week 4
Height, cm	165.3 ± 7.6	164.2 ± 9.2	0.944
Body weight, kg	72.0 ± 11.6	72.9 ± 13.2	0.020
BMI, kg/m2	26.2 ± 2.6	26.8 ± 2.6	0.027
Waist circumference, cm	89.6 ± 9.8	89.5 ± 10.3	0.494
Hip circumference, cm	101.8 ± 7.5	100.5 ± 7.5	0.387
Fat percent, %	27.4 ± 4.5	27.7 ± 4.4	0.634
BMR, kj/m2·h	1490.3 ± 231.5	1497.9 ± 264.1	0.021

Week 4 vs. baseline	Difference	p-value	Difference	p-value
Height, cm	−0.1 (−0.3, 0.2)	0.715	−0.04 (−0.1, 0.01)	0.103
Body weight, kg	−2.2 (−3.4, −1.0)	0.001	−0.1 (−1.0, 0.8)	0.858
BMI, kg/m2	−0.8 (−1.2, −0.3)	0.001	−0.04 (−0.4, 0.3)	0.839
Waist circumference, cm	−0.7 (−1.5, 0.1)	0.079	−0.3 (−1.1, 0.4)	0.383
Hip circumference, cm	−0.6 (−1.3, 0.1)	0.086	−0.3 (−0.8, 0.2)	0.300
Fat percent, %	−0.7 (−1.5, 0.03)	0.059	−0.4 (−1.2, 0.4)	0.337
BMR, kj/m2·h	−23.9 (−37.7, −10.1)	0.001	−0.3 (−10.0, 9.3)	0.948

BMI, body mass index; BMR, basal metabolic rate; CI, confidence interval. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Differences between study groups at each visit were evaluated using analysis of (co)variance. Analysis of post-intervention data adjusted for baseline measurements. Within-group differences between post-intervention and baseline measurements are presented as the difference of least-squares means (95% CI) and evaluated using paired t-test.