Table 2. A summary of recent studies reporting the patient demography, time to presentation, and clinical manifestations of port-site infections.
TTP: Time taken to present
| Serial | Reference, Country; n | Surgery (n) | Demographics | Clinical Manifestation |
| 1. | Ghosh et al. [6], 2017, India; n=32 | Cholecystectomy (19); herniorrhaphy (1); orchiopexy (1); appendectomy (1); hemicolectomy (1); bile duct repair (1); diagnostic (1) | Male (12, 37%); Age (median 39, range 8-67 years) | TTP: 4-5 weeks induration, swelling serosanguinous discharge, sinus formation; no fever |
| 2. | Ramesh et al. [14], 2003, India, n=8 | Adhesiolysis (2); cholecystectomy (1); endometriosis (1); hernia repair (1); hysterectomy (2); oophorectomy (1) | Male (1, 12.5%); Age (median 28.5 years, range 25-67 years) | TTP: N/A; non-healing port-site wounds, where wounds had not healed even at more than 4 weeks of surgery. |
| 3. | Shah et al. [18], 2009, n=7 | Hernia repair (6); bowel resection (1) | NA | TTP: 10 days to 3 weeks; delayed onset wound infection, appearance of minimal erythema, oedema, wound breakdown, suppuration, and discharging sinuses. No fever or systemic symptoms |
| 4. | Bhattacharjee et al. [19], 2015 India; n=55 | Cholecystectomy (55) | Male (14; 25%); Age (median 35, range 15-75) | TTP: 4-6 weeks; tender induration, seropurulent discharge |
| 5. | Chaudhuri et al. [5], 2010, India; n=19 | Cholecystectomy (19) | Male (3; 16%); Age (median 43, range NA) | TTP: 3-4 weeks; erythematous swelling, tender; ultimate caseation and discharge; mo fever |
| 6. | Duarte et al. [20]., 2009, Brazil; n=197 | Cholecystectomy (71); diagnostic (10); appendicectomy (9); oophorectomy (4); herniorrhaphy (3); tubal ligation (3); other (25) | Male (105; 27%); Age (median 44, range 14-89 years) | TTP: 2-187 days; seropurulent discharge (61%); erythema (23%); nodule (23%), abscess (19.8%); fistula (6.3%); ulcer (3.9%); fever (11.1%) |
| 7. | Vijayaraghavan et al. [21]., 2005, India; n=156 | Laparoscopy (156) | NA | TTP: N/A, nodule formation, erythema fever |
| 8. | Krishnappa and Samarasam [22] 2017 India; n=24 | Cholecystectomy (10); herniorrhaphy (3); not specified (11) | Male (8; 33%); Age (mean 42 years, range NA) | TTP: N/A, erythematous swelling, no systemic signs |
| 9. | Lahiri et al. [17], 2009, India; n=5 | Tubectomy (3); herniorrhaphy (2) | Female (3; 60%)–underwent tubectomy Male (2; 40%) – underwent herniorrhaphy Age NA | TTP: under 4 weeks nodular swelling, discharging sinus |
| 10. | Muthusami et al., 2004 [13], India; n=5 | Cholecystectomy (4); appendectomy (1) | Male (2; 40%); Age (median 43; range 30-48 years) | TTP: N/A; discharging sinuses; unresponsive to empirical antibiotics |
| 11. | Samaranayake and Dassanayake [23], 2018, Sri Lanka; n=3 | Adhesiolysis LRT herniorrhaphy | Female (2; 67%); Male (1; 33%); Age (range 36-46 years) | TTP: 3-4 weeks; port-site discharge, swelling, erythema, sinus tract formation; No fever |
| 12. | Baruque Villar et al. [24], 2015, Brazil; n=60 | Cholecystectomy (55) | Male (15; 25%); Age (mean 40, range 20-82 years) | TTP: median 30 days (range: 7–150); discharge (80%); local pain (72%); nodules (51%); fever (18%); abscess (38%); fistula (15%) |
| 13. | Wright et al. [25], 2014, Australia; n=18 | Gastric banding (18) | Female (15; 83%); Male (3; 17%); Age (mean 45, range 29-64y) | TTP: 21 days-8 years pain, erythema band infection (fever, abdominal pain, and nausea) |
| 14. | Current study (Chaudhary et al.) | Appendicectomy (3); cholecystectomy (3); hernia repair (1); oophorectomy (1); ovarian cystectomy (1); PCNL (1) | Male (3; 30%); Age (mean 36, range 17-65 years) | TTP: 6 weeks to 12 years; pain, tenderness, erythema, persistent discharging sinus |