Table 1.
Sex-specific characteristics for study participantsa
| Men (N = 635) | Women (N = 510) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age at baseline, mean (SD), y | 44.1 (6.3) | 46.9 (5.9) |
| BMI at baseline, mean (SD) | 27.7 (4.1) | 26.6 (5.8) |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30) at baseline, N (%) | 211 (33) | 153 (30) |
| Height at baseline, mean (SD), cm | 177.6 (6.6) | 164.2 (6.4) |
| Physical Activity Index at baseline, mean (SD) | 38.1 (8.9) | 36.4 (6.3) |
| Weight at baseline, mean (SD), kg | 87.5 (14.5) | 71.9 (16.4) |
| Diabetes status at baseline, N (%) | 15 (2) | 11 (2) |
| Estrogenic at baseline, N (%) | NA | 411 (81) |
| Estrogen replacement therapy at baseline, N (%) | NA | 56 (11) |
| Underwent menopausal transition, N (%) | NA | 178 (35) |
| Adiponectin at baseline, mean (SD)a, ng/mL | 6.2 (4.0) | 11.5 (5.8) |
| Interleukin-6 at baseline, mean (SD)a, pg/mL | 1.8 (2.0) | 2.1 (4.8) |
| VAT at baseline, mean (SD), cm3 | 1915.3 (836.7) | 1157.9 (732.2) |
| VAT at follow-up, mean (SD), cm3 | 2876.4 (1347.9) | 1540.4 (1044.3) |
| Difference in VAT: follow-up—baseline, mean (SD), cm3 | 961.1 (800.3) | 382.5 (541.2) |
| Paraspinal muscle density (HU) at baseline, mean (SD) | 41.6 (9.8) | 36.8 (9.6) |
| Paraspinal muscle density (HU) at follow-up, mean (SD) | 44.9 (8.7) | 39.4 (9.9) |
| Difference in paraspinal muscle density (HU), mean (SD) | 3.2 (6.7) | 2.6 (6.8) |
The numbers in the cell are the mean (SD) for quantitative variables and count (%) for qualitative variable.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HU, Hounsfield unit; NA, not applicable; VAT, visceral adipose tissue.
Measured approximately 6 years before initial VAT measurement.