Table 2. .
Point-of-Care Tests Performed for Participants in the Intervention Arm of a Randomized Controlled Trial That Introduced Point-of-Care Diagnostic Tests to Guide Management of Outpatients With Febrile Illness at 3 Clinical Sites in Uganda
| All 3 Ugandan Sites (N = 1189) |
Aduku (n = 401) |
Nagongera (n = 398) |
Kihihi (n = 390) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test | Performed | Positive | Performed | Positive | Performed | Positive | Performed | Positive |
| Pathogen-specific POCTs | ||||||||
| Malaria | 1189 (100%) | 500 (42.1%) | 401 (100%) | 217 (54.1%) | 398 (100%) | 112 (28.1%) | 390 (100%) | 171 (43.8%) |
| Typhoid | 781 (65.7%) | 92 (11.8%) | 327 (81.5%) | 58 (17.7%) | 239 (60.0%) | 13 (5.4%) | 215 (55.1%) | 21 (9.8%) |
| Group A Streptococcus | 285 (24.0%) | 48 (16.8%) | 29 (7.2%) | 2 (6.9%) | 50 (12.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 206 (52.8%) | 46 (22.3%) |
| Influenza A/B/A | 681 (57.3%) | 39 (5.7%) | 211 (52.6%) | 4 (1.9%) | 266 (66.8%) | 13 (4.9%) | 204 (52.3%) | 22 (10.8%) |
| RSV (<5 y) | 141 (11.9%) | 8 (5.7%) | 34 (8.5%) | 2 (5.9%) | 65 (16.3%) | 1 (1.5%) | 42 (10.7%) | 5 (11.9%) |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae (>5 y) | 470 (39.5%) | 48 (10.2%) | 166 (41.4%) | 33 (19.9%) | 131 (32.9%) | 9 (6.9%) | 173 (44.3%) | 6 (3.5%) |
| PoC biomarker tests | ||||||||
| Urine leukocyte esterase | 354 (29.8%) | 195 (55.1%) | 120 (29.9%) | 84 (70.0%) | 97 (24.4%) | 42 (43.3%) | 137 (35.1%) | 69 (50.4%) |
| Urine nitrites | 352 (29.6%) | 17 (4.8%) | 120 (29.9%) | 3 (2.5%) | 94 (23.6%) | 4 (4.3%) | 138 (35.4%) | 10 (7.3%) |
| Test | Done n(%) | Median (Q1, Q3) | Done n(%) | Median (Q1, Q3) | Done n(%) | Median (Q1, Q3) | Done n(%) | Median (Q1, Q3) |
| CRP, mg/L | 1188 (99.9%) | 6.0 (1.0, 35.3) | 400 (99.8%) | 2.0 (1.0, 46.7) | 398 (100%) | 7.1 (1.0, 71.9) | 390 (100%) | 8.4 (1.0, 27.7) |
| WBC counts (×1000) | 1187 (99.8%) | 6.8 (5.0, 9.2) | 400 (99.8%) | 6.9 (5.1, 9.1) | 398 (100%) | 7.4 (5.4, 9.9) | 389 (99.7%) | 6.1 (4.6, 8.6) |
| Neutrophil counts, % | 1186 (99.7%) | 40 (32, 50) | 399 (99.5%) | 38 (29, 47) | 398 (100%) | 40 (31, 51) | 389 (99.7%) | 44 (35, 54) |
| No. | Proportion, % | No. | Proportion, % | No. | Proportion, % | No. | Proportion, % | |
| CRP <20 mg/L | 770 | 64.8% | 264 | 66.0% | 253 | 63.6% | 253 | 64.9% |
| CRP 20–80 mg/L | 197 | 16.6% | 50 | 12.5% | 47 | 11.8% | 100 | 25.6% |
| CRP >80 mg/L | 221 | 18.6% | 86 | 21.5% | 98 | 24.6% | 37 | 9.5% |
| WBC count <11 000 | 1030 | 86.8% | 354 | 88.5% | 325 | 81.7% | 351 | 90.2% |
| WBC count ≥11 000 | 157 | 13.2% | 46 | 11.5% | 73 | 18.3% | 38 | 9.8% |
Data are presented as n (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: CRP, C-reactive protein; PoC, point-of-care; POCT, point-of-care test; Q, quartile; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; WBC, white blood cell.