Table 1.
Patient’s Background and Treatment Outcomes According to Surgical Procedures.
| Rectal resection | Right colectomy | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | SPS | non-SPS | ||||
| Variables | N = 129 | N= 94 | N = 35 | p value* | N = 127 | p-value** |
| Backgrounds | ||||||
| Age, years, median (range) | 63 (29–89) | 63 (33–89) | 69 (29–88) | 0.067 | 68 (34–92) | 0.001 |
| Gender | 0.321 | 0.08 | ||||
| Male | 75 (58.1) | 52 (55.3) | 23 (65.7) | 59 (46.5) | ||
| Female | 54 (41.9) | 42 (44.7) | 12 (34.3) | 68 (53.5) | ||
| Hypertension | 43 (33.3) | 26 (27.7) | 17 (48.6) | 0.035 | 42 (33.1) | 1 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 15 (11.6) | 9 (9.6) | 6 (17.1) | 0.233 | 21 (16.5) | 0.285 |
| Preoperative CKD | 18 (14) | 13 (13.8) | 5 (14.3) | 1 | 30 (23.6) | 0.055 |
| Clinical staging | ||||||
| cT4 | 22 (17.1) | 16 (17) | 6 (17.1) | 1 | 14 (11) | 0.208 |
| cN+ | 52 (40.3) | 35 (37.2) | 17 (48.6) | 0.313 | 43 (33.9) | 0.303 |
| Preoperative treatment | ||||||
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | 49 (38) | 35 (37.2) | 14 (40) | 0.839 | 0 | <0.001 |
| Preoperative irradiation | 1 (0.8) | 0 | 1 (2.9) | 0.271 | 0 | 1 |
| Surgical results | ||||||
| Operative approaches | 0.379 | 0.344 | ||||
| Open | 36 (27.9) | 24 (25.5) | 12 (34.3) | 43 (33.9) | ||
| Minimally invasive approach | 93 (72.1) | 70 (74.5) | 23 (65.7) | 84 (66.1) | ||
| Operative time, min, median (range) | 380 (143–966) | 362 (143–966) | 404 (189–890) | 0.421 | 199 (100–379) | <0.001 |
| Blood loss, ml, median (range) | 86 (0–4396) | 44 (0–1370) | 149 (5–4396) | 0.001 | 36 (0–904) | <0.001 |
| Lateral lymph node dissection | 53 (41.1) | 35 (37.2) | 18 (51.4) | 0.163 | — | — |
| Combined resection of adjacent organs and/or pelvic plexus | 12 (9.3) | 7 (7.4) | 5 (14.3) | 0.305 | 4 (3.1) | 0.068 |
| Curability | 1.000 | 0.498 | ||||
| R0 | 127 (98.4) | 92 (97.9) | 35 (100) | 127 (100) | ||
| R1 | 2 (1.6) | 2 (2.1) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Postoperative hospital stay, days, median (range) | 17 (10–72) | 16 (10–67) | 22 (12–72) | <0.001 | 10 (6–57) | <0.001 |
| Complications | ||||||
| During hospitalization | ||||||
| Major complications | 14 (10.9) | 12 (12.8) | 2 (5.7) | 0.349 | 6 (4.7) | 0.101 |
| Early urinary tract infection | 10 (7.8) | 7 (7.4) | 3 (8.6) | 1 | 1 (0.8) | 0.01 |
| Early urinary dysfunction | 21 (16.3) | 10 (10.6) | 11 (31.4) | 0.007 | 0 | <0.001 |
| Postoperative AKI | 21 (16.3) | 14 (14.9) | 7 (20) | 0.592 | 13 (10.2) | 0.197 |
| Ileus | 26 (20.2) | 19 (20.2) | 7 (20) | 1 | 5 (3.9) | <0.001 |
| Prolonged urinary dysfunction | 10 (7.8) | 5 (5.3) | 5 (14.3) | 0.133 | 0 | 0.002 |
| Unexpected readmission | 25 (19.4) | 17 (18.1) | 8 (22.9) | 0.618 | 7 (5.5) | 0.001 |
| Late urinary tract infection | 3 (2.3) | 3 (3.2) | 0 | 0.562 | 1 (0.8) | 0.622 |
| Small bowel obstruction | 15 (11.6) | 9 (9.6) | 6 (17.1) | 0.233 | 5 (3.9) | 0.034 |
| Postoperative treatment | ||||||
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | 48 (37.2) | 39 (41.5) | 9 (25.7) | 0.107 | 34 (26.8) | 0.082 |
| eGFR -25% at 3 years | 23 (17.8) | 17 (18.1) | 6 (17.1) | 1 | 7 (5.5) | 0.003 |
Values in parentheses are percentages unless indicated otherwise. * SPS vs. non-SPS, ** rectal resection vs. right colectomy.
SPS, sphincter-preserving surgery; CKD, chronic kidney disease; AKI, acute kidney injury