Table 4.
Hierarchical logistic regression analysis: Associations of mHealth use with participant demographic characteristics, health status, and COVID-19-related concerns
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||
| Covariate | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI |
| Age (years) | 0.99 | (0.94, 1.03) | 0.99 | (0.95, 1.04) | 1.00 | (0.95, 1.05) |
| Gendera | 2.40 | (0.95, 6.10) | 2.29 | (0.90, 5.81) | 1.68 | (0.61, 4.61) |
| Race/Ethnicityb | 0.45 | (0.20, 1.02) | 0.38 | (0.16, 0.90) | 0.45 | (0.18, 1.11) |
| Living in a cityc | 0.38* | (0.16, 0.88) | 0.33* | (0.14, 0.79) | 0.56 | (0.21, 1.49) |
| Education | ||||||
| Less than high school (ref) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| High school diploma or GED | 2.34 | (0.52, 10.48) | 2.32 | (0.52, 10.34) | 3.54 | (0.70, 17.92) |
| Some college | 1.56 | (0.54, 4.48) | 1.59 | (0.55, 4.62) | 2.08 | (0.65, 6.60) |
| College graduate or higher | 7.01*** | (2.74, 17.88) | 7.72*** | (2.94, 20.30) | 8.18* | (2.84, 23.55) |
| Living with any chronic health conditionc | - | - | 2.06 | (0.93, 4.54) | 1.86 | (0.78, 4.41) |
| Difficulty getting healthy food during the pandemicc | - | - | - | - | 1.40 | (0.90, 2.17) |
| Feeling less safe going to shoppingc | - | - | - | - | 1.39 | (0.88, 2.20) |
| Used delivery services more frequentlyc | - | - | - | - | 1.34 | (0.87, 2.06) |
| Fewer people to help me shop or prepare foodc | - | - | - | - | 0.94 | (0.62, 1.45) |
| Less money for food due to job loss or cut in hoursc | - | - | - | - | 0.93 | (0.59, 1.45) |
Note.
a
0=Female, 1 = Male = 0.
b
0 = Other, 1 = Caucasian/white.
c
0 = No, 1 = Yes.
*
p < 0.05.
***
p < 0.001