Table 3.
Serum differential metabolites of the three groups.
| Metabolites | RI | VIP | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LCI | Glycine | 1316.23 | 4.36 | ↑ |
| Tyrosine | 1892.40 | 2.69 | ↑ | |
| L-Ornithine | 1763.83 | 2.45 | ↑∗ | |
| Pyroglutamic acid | 1530.35 | 1.80 | ↑ | |
| Octadecenoic acid | 2219.88 | 1.60 | ↓ | |
| Glyceric acid | 1799.03 | 1.48 | ↑∗ | |
| Octadecenoic acid | 2220.48 | 1.44 | ↓ | |
| Phenylalanine | 1635.85 | 1.33 | ↑ | |
| Galactose | 1892.94 | 1.27 | ↓ | |
| Indole-3-butanoic acid | 2193.86 | 1.14 | ↑ | |
| Heptadecan-1-ol | 2051.66 | 1.12 | ↓ | |
|
| ||||
| HCI | Proline | 1309.00 | 4.42 | ↑ |
| Norvaline | 1237.46 | 4.02 | ↑ | |
| Norleucine | 1310.63 | 2.36 | ↑ | |
| Octadecenoic acid | 2220.48 | 2.01 | ↓ | |
| Glycine | 1316.23 | 1.64 | ↑ | |
| Hexadecanoic acid | 2051.56 | 1.60 | ↓ | |
| Octadecenoic acid | 2219.88 | 1.19 | ↓ | |
|
| ||||
| MC | Vanillic acid | 1766.28 | 1.94 | ↓∗ |
| Arabinonic acid | 1763.50 | 1.92 | ↑∗ | |
| Pyridoxal | 1824.12 | 1.77 | ↓ | |
| Inositol | 2074.94 | 1.76 | ↓ | |
| β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2,1)-beta-D-fructofuranose | 2658.71 | 1.72 | ↓ | |
| Tagatose | 1824.18 | 1.59 | ↓ | |
| Malic acid | 1562.37 | 1.58 | ↓ | |
| Proline | 1309.00 | 1.38 | ↑ | |
| Lactose | 2695.48 | 1.31 | ↓ | |
| Dodecanoic acid | 1657.82 | 1.27 | ↓ | |
| Hexadecanoic acid | 2051.56 | 1.26 | ↓ | |
| Octadecenoic acid | 2219.88 | 1.23 | ↓ | |
| Octadecenoic acid | 2220.48 | 1.21 | ↓ | |
| Glyceric acid | 1799.03 | 1.20 | ↑ | |
| Docosanoic acid | 2644.77 | 1.17 | ↓ | |
| Galactitol | 1920.76 | 1.13 | ↑ | |
| Pyroglutamic acid | 1530.35 | 1.12 | ↓ | |
| Indole-3-acetaldehyde | 1904.03 | 1.11 | ↓ | |
| Tocopherol | 3006.41 | 1.11 | ↓ | |
| Glycine | 1316.23 | 1.04 | ↑ | |
| Norleucine | 1310.63 | 1.03 | ↑ | |
∗ p < 0.05 versus before treatment. “↑” represents the concentration of metabolites increased after treatment, whereas “↓” represents the concentration of metabolites decreased after treatment.