Table 3.
Comparison of baseline characteristics between good and suboptimal responders.
| Mean ± SD or N (%) | Good responder | Suboptimal responder | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 11) | (n = 19) | ||
| Systemic factors | |||
| Age (years) | 59.18 ± 10.34 | 61.58 ± 8.79 | 0.505 |
| Sex, male | 5 (45.45) | 14 (73.68) | 0.122 |
| Female | 6 (54.54) | 5 (26.31) | |
| DM duration (years) | 9.00 ± 7.04 | 17.42 ± 8.25 | 0.008∗ |
| HbA1C (%) | 7.01 ± 1.59 | 6.88 ± 1.53 | 0.834 |
| Medication, insulin | 1 (9.09) | 3 (15.78) | 0.603 |
| OHA | 10 (90.90) | 16 (84.21) | |
| Hb (g/dL) | 12.05 ± 3.56 | 10.82 ± 2.50 | 0.367 |
| WBC (×103/μL) | 7.44 ± 3.09 | 6.78 ± 2.95 | 0.616 |
| Plt (×103/μL) | 214.00 ± 106.58 | 214.42 ± 124.67 | 0.993 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 85.00 ± 25.88 | 53.80 ± 34.16 | 0.018∗ |
| Cr (mg/dL) | 1.03 ± 0.92 | 2.23 ± 1.98 | 0.049∗ |
| Ca (mg/dL) | 9.06 ± 0.88 | 9.43 ± 0.52 | 0.203 |
| Na (mmol/L) | 139.18 ± 2.68 | 134.19 ± 13.76 | 0.249 |
| K (mmol/L) | 4.20 ± 0.51 | 4.89 ± 0.60 | 0.004∗ |
| Cl (mmol/L) | 103.55 ± 3.14 | 107.38 ± 8.20 | 0.154 |
| Alb (g/dL) | 3.53 ± 0.89 | 3.87 ± 0.50 | 0.273 |
| AST (IU/L) | 25.27 ± 9.14 | 21.67 ± 10.17 | 0.361 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 24.27 ± 16.89 | 24.79 ± 17.31 | 0.941 |
| HTN | 3 (27.27) | 10 (52.63) | 0.177 |
| HL | 3 (27.27) | 7 (36.84) | 0.592 |
|
| |||
| Ocular factors | |||
| Baseline CRT (μm) | 470.73 ± 85.96 | 496.21 ± 101.61 | 0.490 |
| Baseline BCVA (LogMAR) | 0.43 ± 0.32 | 0.55 ± 0.28 | 0.293 |
| DMR severity | 0.643 | ||
| NPDR | 6 (54.54) | 12 (41.37) | |
| PDR | 5 (45.45) | 7 (36.84) | |
| ERM | 2 (18.18) | 13 (68.42) | 0.008∗ |
| Previous treatment history | 0.691 | ||
| Vitrectomy+PRP | 1 (9.09) | 3 (15.78) | |
| Bevacizumab+PRP | 2 (18.18) | 3 (15.78) | |
| Bevacizumab only | 1 (9.09) | 4 (21.05) | |
| PRP only | 3 (27.27) | 5 (26.31) | |
| Treatment-naïve | 4 (36.36) | 4 (21.05) | |
∗Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in Mann–Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. SD: standard deviation; N: number; DM: diabetes mellitus; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; OHA: oral hypoglycemic agents; Hb: hemoglobin; WBC: white blood cell; Plt: platelet; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rates; Cr: creatinine; Ca: calcium; Na: sodium; K: potassium; Cl: chloride; Alb: albumin; AST: aspartate aminotransferase test; ALT: alanine aminotransferase test; HTN: hypertension; HL: hyperlipidemia; CRT: central retinal thickness; BCVA: best-corrected visual acuity; DMR: diabetic retinopathy; (N)PDR: (non)proliferative diabetic retinopathy; ERM: epiretinal membrane; PRP: panretinal photocoagulation.