Table 4.

Table summarizing all the relevant clinical trials for the different classes of drugs in this review with regards to HFpEF.

Clinical trial	Class of medication	Summary
OPTIMIZE-HF registry	Beta-blockers	In patients with HFpEF and heart rate ≥ 70 beats per minute, high-dose beta-blocker use was associated with a significantly lower risk of death [146].
CHARM-Preserved	Angiotensin receptor blockers	Candesartan has a moderate impact in preventing admissions for CHF among patients who have heart failure and LVEF higher than 40% [149].
I-PRESERVE	Angiotensin receptor blockers	Irbesartan did not improve the outcomes of patients with heart failure and a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction [150].
PARAGON-HF	Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor against angiotensin receptor blockers	Sacubitril-valsartan did not result in a significantly lower rate of total hospitalizations for heart failure and death from cardiovascular causes among patients with heart failure and an ejection fraction of 45% or higher [151].
TOPCAT trial	Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists	In patients with heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction, treatment with spironolactone did not significantly reduce the incidence of the primary composite outcome of death from cardiovascular causes, aborted cardiac arrest, or hospitalization for the management of heart failure [153].
EMPEROR-PRESERVED trial	SGLT-2 inhibition	Empagliflozin reduced the combined risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure in patients with heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction, regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes [159].
CHIEF-HF trial	SGLT-2 inhibition	Canagliflozin significantly improves symptom burden in heart failure within 12 weeks, regardless of ejection fraction [161].
PRESERVED-HF trial	SGLT-2 inhibition	Dapagliflozin was found to significantly improve exercise function, physical limitations, and patient-reported symptoms at 12 weeks in HFpEF (EF > 45%) patients [162].
SOLOIST-WHF trial	Nonselective SGLT1/2 inhibitor	Sotagliflozin significantly reduced the rate of CV death and HF hospitalizations in patients with diabetes [164].
EMPULSE trial	SGLT-2 inhibition	Empagliflozin was safe in the acute heart failure setting and resulted in clinical benefit of death from any cause, number of heart failure events and time to first heart failure event, or a 5 point or greater difference in change from baseline in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Total Symptom Score at 90 days [165].