Table 1.
General characteristics and plasma biomarkers across diagnostic groups.
| MCI Aβ– (n = 29) | MCI Aβ + (n = 19) | AD (n = 51) | Non-AD (n = 23) | CU (n = 4) | Total (N = 126) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.831 (1) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 66.03 (10.81) | 66.53 (8.28) | 64.12 (7.26) | 65.70 (8.74) | 64.00 (2.16) | 65.21 (8.47) | |
| Min – Max | 44.00–86.00 | 54.00–80.00 | 48.00–83.00 | 42.00–81.00 | 62.00–67.00 | 42.00–86.00 | |
| Sex | 0.148 (2) | ||||||
| F | 16 (55.2%) | 15 (78.9%) | 28 (54.9%) | 9 (39.1%) | 2 (50.0%) | 70 (55.6%) | |
| M | 13 (44.8%) | 4 (21.1%) | 23 (45.1%) | 14 (60.9%) | 2 (50.0%) | 56 (44.4%) | |
| MMSE* | <0.001 (1) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 25.55 (3.42) | 27.42 (1.89) | 25.38 (3.38) | 23.32 (4.04) | 29.50 (0.58) | 25.50 (3.53) | |
| Min – Max | 17.00–30.00 | 24.00–30.00 | 17.00–30.00 | 15.00–29.00 | 29.00–30.00 | 15.00–30.00 | |
| APOE ε4 (%) | 7 (35.0%) | 9 (64.3%) | 30 (85.7%) | 3 (18.8%) | 1 (25.0%) | 50 (56.2%) | <0.001 (2) |
| Missing | 9 | 5 | 16 | 7 | 0 | 37 | |
| Centiloid** | <0.001 (1) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | −2.22 (14.41) | 77.75 (25.32) | 96.11 (26.91) | −0.72 (18.71) | −7.19 (2.42) | 50.23 (51.77) | |
| Min – Max | −23.47–37.72 | 33.37–121.39 | 37.74–162.25 | −37.67–42.87 | −9.97–4.84 | −37.67–162.25 | |
| CSF Aβ42 (pg/ml) | <0.001 (1) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 673.28 (177.82) | 597.00 (127.64) | 522.69 (149.56) | 738.43 (335.57) | 1090.75 (354.90) | 625.97 (235.49) | |
| Min – Max | 389.00–1140.00 | 256.00–830.00 | 281.00–870.00 | 280.00–1650.00 | 796.00–1540.00 | 256.00–1650.00 | |
| CSF tTau (pg/ml)*** | <0.001 (1) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 246.48 (189.58) | 517.89 (197.38) | 522.16 (229.75) | 316.26 (241.04) | 193.25 (33.36) | 409.14 (247.42) | |
| Min – Max | 75.00–1060.00 | 280.00–1130.00 | 180.00–1290.00 | 86.00–1120.00 | 150.00–229.00 | 75.00–1290.00 | |
| CSF pTau (pg/ml) | <0.001 (1) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 34.38 (13.22) | 71.74 (29.81) | 76.12 (39.63) | 43.00 (22.76) | 31.00 (11.34) | 58.37 (35.30) | |
| Min – Max | 15.00–77.00 | 15.00–150.00 | 24.00–240.00 | 16.00–118.00 | 16.00–43.00 | 15.00–240.00 | |
| Aβ40 (pg/ml) | 0.112 (1) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 114.09 (34.60) | 112.44 (16.07) | 111.72 (33.37) | 126.05 (25.80) | 110.64 (35.27) | 114.95 (30.44) | |
| Min – Max | 7.84–177.96 | 79.35–132.09 | 2.26–247.50 | 95.82–213.36 | 82.63–162.22 | 2.26–247.50 | |
| Aβ42 (pg/ml) | 0.010 (1) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 6.63 (2.30) | 6.45 (1.46) | 6.12 (1.99) | 7.85 (1.90) | 7.41 (1.84) | 6.65 (2.05) | |
| Min – Max | 0.46–11.06 | 3.45–8.61 | 0.57–13.43 | 5.52–13.69 | 5.22–9.72 | 0.46–13.69 | |
| Aβ42/40 | 0.059 (1) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 0.06 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.03) | 0.06 (0.01) | 0.07 (0.02) | 0.06 (0.02) | |
| Min – Max | 0.03–0.08 | 0.03–0.07 | 0.03–0.25 | 0.04–0.08 | 0.05–0.09 | 0.03–0.25 | |
| GFAP (pg/ml) | <0.001 (1) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 97.76 (47.86) | 151.70 (53.16) | 175.22 (74.09) | 125.70 (62.68) | 69.85 (17.41) | 141.46 (70.35) | |
| Min – Max | 35.36–264.36 | 62.10–280.38 | 60.24–392.18 | 43.47–296.02 | 53.79–90.16 | 35.36–392.18 | |
| NFL (pg/ml) | 0.033 (1) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 22.85 (16.56) | 18.99 (6.37) | 22.80 (10.09) | 24.61 (12.15) | 10.75 (3.14) | 22.18 (11.89) | |
| Min – Max | 6.74–89.89 | 9.00–31.22 | 7.49–49.80 | 12.34–60.21 | 8.24–15.21 | 6.74–89.89 | |
| pTau181 (pg/ml) | <0.001 (1) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 10.78 (5.87) | 10.50 (4.04) | 16.91 (20.18) | 13.69 (18.19) | 7.17 (0.71) | 13.64 (15.50) | |
| Min – Max | 3.31–30.00 | 4.68–23.53 | 4.44–151.38 | 3.95–95.30 | 6.47–7.90 | 3.31–151.38 | |
| pTau231 (pg/ml) | <0.001 (1) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 13.60 (5.77) | 15.58 (6.26) | 18.84 (7.77) | 14.87 (6.55) | 8.65 (1.89) | 16.10 (7.17) | |
| Min – Max | 1.93–27.72 | 8.28–36.72 | 3.16–42.18 | 5.48–27.72 | 6.90–11.34 | 1.93–42.18 | |
| pTau181/Aβ42 | <0.001 (1) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.94 (1.54) | 1.76 (1.08) | 3.38 (6.33) | 1.83 (2.56) | 1.00 (0.20) | 2.45 (4.30) | |
| Min – Max | 0.50–7.23 | 0.67–5.81 | 0.74–46.36 | 0.55–13.32 | 0.81–1.27 | 0.50–46.36 |
*MMSE scores were missing for 1 AD and 1 Non-AD.
**Centiloid value was missing for 1 AD.
***CSF tTau value was missing for 1 AD.
(1). Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test
(2). Pearson’s chi-squared test