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. 2023 Jul 25;9:259. doi: 10.1038/s41420-023-01564-1

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — A Volcano diagram of DEGs between the control and TM group, the genes highlighted in red are representative target genes of the NRF2 pathway. B GSEA enrichment revealed that genes related to the NRF2 pathway were activated. C ChEA3 orthogonal omics integration analysis of transcription factor. D TM treatment promoted the expression of FTH1, SLC7A11, NQO1, GCLM and HMOX1 in a dose-dependent manner. SFN (Sulforaphane,20 μM) served as a positive control (n = 3). E The mRNA level of NRF2 after TM treatment (n = 3). F ARE binding activity after treatment for 12 h (n = 3). G Representative Western blot of the proteins in vitro after TM treatment. SFN served as a positive control. ns: not significant. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs control group; Data were presented as mean ± SD.