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. 2023 Jul 25;14:4473. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-40069-4

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a Educational Attainment. b Height. Data are presented as the estimated coefficients +/− 1.96 times the standard error (95% confidence interval) for the Polygenic Index (PGI) using OLS and IV regressions in terms of implied heritability estimates for a educational attainment (EA) and b height. n = 35,282 independent individuals. The implied heritability is computed on the basis of the square of the standardized coefficients (see Eq. (24)), and its standard error is obtained using the Delta method. Rest as in Table 2.