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. 2023 Jul 25;13:12046. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-38944-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Standardized genetic diversity per site as a function of (panels A and B) distance to closest glacial refugia (version considering the natural logarithm of distance in Fig. 4 in S3). Colors depicting the assignment of populations to the different genetic clusters (as in Fig. 2). Standardized diversity per genetic group for the (panel C) first and (panel D) second hierarchical levels of genetic subdivision. Population pairwise differentiation (Jost's D, average) between genetic groups inferred for the (panel C) first and (panel D) second levels of genetic subdivision. Asterisks depict groups with significantly higher genetic diversity.