Table 1.
Sample characteristics.
| Characteristics: mean (SD)/frequency (%) | Total (N =488) | High-quality (n = 192) | Low-quality (n = 296) | p valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Age - yearsb | 36.17 (9.30) | 36.55 (10.37) | 35.92 (8.55) | 0.462 |
| Sexc | <0.001 | |||
| Female | 158 (32.4) | 81 (42.2) | 77 (26.0) | |
| Male | 327 (67.0) | 110 (57.3) | 217 (73.3) | |
| N/A | 3 (0.60) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (0.70) | |
| Racec | ||||
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 5 (1.0) | 3 (1.6) | 2 (0.7) | |
| Asian | 4 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (1.4) | |
| Black or African American | 26 (5.3) | 12 (6.3) | 14 (4.8) | |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.7) | |
| White | 445 (91.1) | 174 (91.0) | 271 (91.6) | |
| Multiple races | 2 (0.4) | 2 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Prefer not to answer | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | |
| N/A | 3 (0.6) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (0.7) | |
| Ethnicityc | <0.001 | |||
| Hispanic | 115 (23.6) | 29 (15.1) | 86 (29.1) | |
| Non-Hispanic | 363 (74.4) | 161 (83.9) | 202 (68.2) | |
| Prefer not to answer | 7 (1.4) | 1 (0.5) | 6 (2.0) | |
| N/A | 3 (0.6) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (0.7) | |
| Educationc | 0.049 | |||
| Less than High School | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | |
| High school diploma or GED | 6 (1.2) | 5 (2.6) | 1 (0.3) | |
| Associate or Bachelor’s degree | 322 (65.9) | 137 (71.4) | 185 (62.5) | |
| Master’s degree | 155 (31.9) | 49 (25.5) | 106 (35.8) | |
| Professional degree (MD, JD, DDS) | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.7) | |
| N/A | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.3) | |
| Annual Incomec | 0.134 | |||
| Less than $30,000 | 43 (8.8) | 19 (9.9) | 24 (8.1) | |
| $30,000 to $49,999 | 90 (18.4) | 45 (23.4) | 45 (15.2) | |
| $50,000 to $69,999 | 83 (17.0) | 29 (15.1) | 54 (18.2) | |
| $70,000 to $89,999 | 138 (28.3) | 45 (23.4) | 93 (31.5) | |
| $90,000 to $109,999 | 80 (16.4) | 32 (16.8) | 48 (16.2) | |
| $110,000 to $139,999 | 26 (5.3) | 10 (5.2) | 16 (5.4) | |
| $140,000 or greater | 25 (5.2) | 11 (5.7) | 14 (4.7) | |
| N/A | 3 (0.6) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (0.7) | |
|
| ||||
| AUDIT Scored | 22.60 (6.48) | 25.40 (6.10) | 27.39 (6.61) | 0.001 |
|
| ||||
| ln(k)e Adjusting Delay Task | 0.63 (2.47) | −0.61 (2.12) | 1.43 (2.36) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| ln(k)e Adjusting Amount Task | −2.14 (5.45) | −2.50 (2.66) | −1.90 (6.66) | 0.240 |
Note. GED = General Educational Development.
a
p value represents comparison between included and excluded samples.
b
M (SD).
c
Frequency (%).
d
Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) Score.
e
Delay Discounting Rate (k).