. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychopathol. 2023 Jan 26;36(2):636–647. doi: 10.1017/S0954579422001468

Table 5.

Structural equation models predicting paths from childhood neglect and physical abuse to arrests for violence after 2000, through adult attachment avoidance

Adult Attachment Avoidance Model	β (SE)	95% CI
Direct paths
Childhood neglect → Attachment avoidance	0.15 (0.04)^***	0.08, 0.23
Childhood neglect → Violent arrest after 2000	0.10 (0.06)	−0.01, 0.21
Childhood physical abuse → Attachment avoidance	0.06 (0.04)	−0.01, 0.14
Childhood physical abuse → Violent arrest after 2000	0.10 (0.05)^*	0.01, 0.19
Attachment avoidance → Violent arrest after 2000	0.10 (0.06)	−0.01, 0.21
Indirect paths
Childhood neglect → Attachment avoidance → Violent arrest after 2000	0.02 (0.01)	−0.003, 0.03
Childhood physical abuse → Attachment avoidance → Violent arrest after 2000	0.01 (0.01)	−0.004, 0.02
R²/model fit
R² for attachment avoidance	0.03^*
R² for violent arrest after 2000	0.20^***
CFI/TLI	0.86/0.80
RMSEA	0.05

Note. β, standardized regression coefficient indicating change in z-score per unit change in independent variables; SE = standard error; CI = confidence interval; CFI = comparative fit index; TLI = Tucker–Lewis index; RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation. All analyses controlled for age, sex, and race.

p < .05

^**

p < .01

^***

p < .001.