Figure 1. FIAF is triggered by fasting, fatty acids, and bacterial fermentation products, such as SCFA. It hinders lipoprotein lipase and stimulates the oxidation, metabolism, and breakdown of fatty acids. Consequently, it reduces fat storage, body weight, and obesity, while also lowering plasma glucose levels and enhancing insulin sensitivity. Insulin regulates FIAF, and it collaborates with ANGPTL4 in this process.

FIAF: fasting-induced adipocyte factor; SCFA: short-chain fatty acids; ANGPTL4: angiopoietin-like protein 4; PPAR: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; TAG: triacylglycerol; NEFA: non-esterified fatty acids