Table 2.
Demographic characteristic and clinical data of the study population.
| Variable | Osteoporosis group (n = 146) | Non-osteoporosis group (n = 591) | Fracture group (n = 38) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 68 (62–77) | 56 (49–65) | 68 (60–76) |
| Gender | |||
| Male (n) | 45 (30.8%) | 345 (58.4%) | 9 (23.7%) |
| Female (n) | 101 (69.2%) | 246 (41.6%) | 29 (76.3%) |
| Weight (kg) | 60.4 (53.0–66.0) | 69.3 (61.0–76.0) | 62.4 (55.0–68.3) |
| Height (cm) | 158 (153–165) | 166 (158–172) | 158 (153–164) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.57 (21.00–25.60) | 25.10 (22.89–26.96) | 24.40 (21.99–27.33) |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 10.0 (5.0–18.5) | 9.0 (3.0–14.0) | 10.0 (5.0–16.3) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 139 (127–148) | 133 (123–145) | 133 (122–147) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80 (72–85) | 82 (76–90) | 78 (73–84) |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 8.7 (6.6–10.7) | 8.3 (6.3–10.7) | 7.85 (6.0–9.4) |
| Fasting Insulin (pmol/L) | 104.32 (61.92–104.32) | 84.62 (47.07–88.24) | 97.93 (60.46–97.93) |
| Glycated hemoglobin A1c (%) | 8.4 (7.1–9.7) | 8.4 (7.2–10.3) | 8.30 (7.1–9.1) |
| C-peptide (nmol/L) | 0.39 (0.27–0.39) | 0.41 (0.27–0.44) | 0.51 (0.32–0.51) |
| Serum creatinine (umol/L) | 64.0 (50.8–81.3) | 63.0 (52.0–78.5) | 66.0 (50.8–81.3) |
| Serum uric acid (umol/L) | 282.5 (241.8–355.3) | 315.1 (252.0–388.8) | 275.5 (203.5–355.5) |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.23 (2.15–2.31) | 2.22 (2.14–2.31) | 2.26 (2.15–2.37) |
| Phosphorus (mmol/L) | 1.20 (1.10–1.31) | 1.19 (1.08–1.32) | 1.20 (1.08–1.33) |
| Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L) | 84.5 (68.8–103.3) | 75.0 (61.0–90.0) | 83.9 (55.8–95.6) |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.49 (1.04–1.81) | 1.63 (1.1–2.33) | 1.31 (0.90–1.86) |
| Totalcholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.33 (3.84–5.10) | 4.32 (3.66–4.99) | 4.82 (3.81–5.48) |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.38 (1.99–2.89) | 2.41 (1.88–2.87) | 2.56 (2.01–3.28) |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.03 (0.85–1.24) | 0.92 (0.76–1.08) | 1.08 (0.88–1.31) |
| Albumin (g/L) | 39.5 (37.2–41.6) | 40.5 (38.2–42.5) | 38.7 (37.0–41.1) |
| Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) | 18.0 (13.0–26.0) | 20.0 (15.0–31.0) | 16.5 (12.8–30.0) |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L) | 19.0 (16.0–24.0) | 19.0 (16.0–25.0) | 20.5 (15.0–26.6) |
| γ-glutamyltransferase (IU/L) | 19.0 (14.8–30.0) | 23.0 (15.0–39.6) | 17.0 (13.0–24.8) |
| 25-hydroxyvitamin vitaminD (ng/l) | 13.44 (9.48–20.70) | 15.5 (10.45–20.87) | 14.20 (10.47–21.14) |
| Urine albumin creatinine ratio (mg/g) | 26.95 (15.95–64.85) | 20.41 (11.6–63.93) | 40.63 (22.53–493.04) |
| Parathyroid hormone (ng/L) | 47.0 (36.6–47.0) | 40.7 (30.8–42.8) | 43.4 (26.6–49.8) |
| Osteocalcin (ng/ml) | 17.22 (13.41–25.00) | 14.17 (11.06–18.95) | 17.65 (10.62–24.28) |
| C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (Pg/ml) | 469.6 (323.7–695.5) | 406.3 (261.1–511.8) | 295.4 (199.8–667.6) |
| N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (ng/ml) | 50.67 (35.92–69.44) | 42.47 (30.86–51.57) | 49.15 (26.66–75.27) |
| Bone Mineral Density at the lumbar spines (L1-L4) (g/cm2) | 0.852 (0.779–0.905) | 1.117 (1.003–1.213) | 0.982 (0.814–1.122) |
| Bone Mineral Density at the distal radius (g/cm2) | 0.520 (0.461–0.574) | 0.709 (0.650–0.769) | 0.567 (0.472–0.643) |
| Bone Mineral Density at the femoral neck (g/cm2) | 0.719 (0.666–0.800) | 0.927 (0.838–1.004) | 0.741 (0.649–0.826) |
| Bone Mineral Density at the Ward's triangle (g/cm2) | 0.549 (0.494–0.640) | 0.818 (0.696–0.911) | 0.554 (0.489–0.653) |
| Bone Mineral Density at the greater trochanter (g/cm2) | 0.629 (0.560–0.721) | 0.816 (0.736–0.908) | 0.652 (0.549–0.740) |
| Bone Mineral Density at the total hip (g/cm2) | 0.795 (0.721–0.881) | 1.010 (0.917–1.092) | 0.810 (0.714–0.888) |
Note:The data are presented as median (interquartile range) or number (%).