Table 3.
List of species with specific bioactive compounds, isolated from various parts.
| Scientific name | Bioactive compounds | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Achyranthus aspera (Lam.) Griseb. | Triterpenoid saponins (oleonolic acid), ecdysterone, achyranthine, betaine, pentatriaontane, hexatriacontane, tritriacontane | [32] |
| Acorus calamus L. | Alpha (α)-asarone, beta (β)-asarone, acoradin, eugenol, β-sitosterol, azulene | [33] |
| Aegle marmelos Correa | Marmelosin, aegeline, lupeol, marmin, fagarine, tannin | [34] |
| Albizia lebbeck Benth. | Albiziasaponins, lupenone, freidelin, lupeol, β sitosterol- 3-O-glucoside, stigmasterol -3-O-glucoside, luteolin, rutin | [35] |
| Allium cepa L. | Organic sulphur, flavonoids, polyphenols | [36] |
| Allium sativum L. | Allicin, alliin, diallyl sulfides, ajoene, S-allyl-cysteine | [37] |
| Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. | Anthraquinone, tannin, saponin, flavonoids, terpenoids, octadecanoic acid, tricosane, 1-octadecanol | [38] |
| Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. | Glycosylated flavonoids, saponins, betalains | [39] |
| Amaranthus viridis L. | Erucic acid, 3-Hydroxy-N-methylphenethylamine, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Cystamine | [40] |
| Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees | Diterpenoids (andrographolide), flavones, polyphenols | [41] |
| Argemone maxicana L. | Alkaloids (berberine, isocorydine, protopine, dehydrocorydalmine, jatrorrhizine, columbamine) terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, long-chain aliphatic compounds | [42] |
| Artemisia vulgaris L. | β-caryophyllene, α-zingiberene, borneol, α-curcumin | [43] |
| Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. | Phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, stilbenoids, carbohydrates, protein, amino acid, vitamin, minerals | [44] |
| Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. | β- sitosterol, diethyl phthalate, 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid, 9-octyl eicosane, lupeol | [45] |
| Asparagus racemosus Willd. | Asparagamine A, racemosol, hydroxycinnamic acids, saponins | [46] |
| Azadirachta indica A juss. | Azadirachtin, nimbin, sodium nimbinate, salannin, quercetin | [47] |
| Bauhinia variegata L. | Lupeol, β-sitosterol, kaempferol, quercetin | [48] |
| Brassica campestris L. | Glucosinolates, phenolics, ascorbic acid, carotenoids | [49] |
| Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken | Bryophylluside, kaempfrol, rutin, quercetin 3-O-α-l-arabinopyranosyl (1 → 2) α-l-rhamnopyranoside, quercitrin, β-sitosterol | [50] |
| Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze | Cajanin, Butin, flavonoids, medicarpin | [51] |
| Camellia sinensis (L.) Kunteze | Flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, tannins, volatile constituents, amino acids | [52] |
| Cannabis sativa L. | Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), nonpsychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) | [53] |
| Capsicum annum L. | Carotenoids, tocopherols, capsaicinoids (capsacicin) | [54] |
| Carica papaya L. | Phenolics, vitamin E, carotenoids | [55] |
| Cassia fistula L. | Phenolic antioxidants (anthraquinones, flavonoids, flavan-3-ol derivatives) | [56] |
| Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. | Asiatic acid, asiaticoside, madecassic acid, madecassoside | [57] |
| Chenopodium album L. | Polyphenol, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids | [58] |
| Chlorophytum arundinaceum Baker | Fatty acids, common sterol stigmasterol, one furostanol saponins | [59] |
| Christella parasitica H. L. | Terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids | [60] |
| Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f. | Phenolic compounds as well as vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre, essential oils, carotenoids | [61] |
| Clerodendron serratum L. | D-mannitol, cleroflavone, apigenin, verbascoside, oleanolic acid, clerodermic acid, γ-sitosterol, β-sitosterol | [62] |
| Coriandrum sativum L. | Linalool, anethole, decanal, geraniol, geranyl acetate, tetradecenol, undecanol, p-Cymene, α-Phellandrene | [63] |
| Crinum longifolium L. | Crinine-type alkaloids | [64] |
| Curcuma caesia Roxb. | germacrone, zerumbone, furanodienone, curzerenone, curcumenol, zederone, dehydrocurdione, curcuzederone, 4-diepoxide, aerugidiol, zedoarondiol | [65] |
| Curcuma longa L. | Curcumin, α-turmerone, germacrone, ar-curcumene, β–turmerone, α-zingiberene | [66] |
| Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. | Phenolics (kaempferol, quercetin), coumarins, flavonoid glycosides | [67] |
| Cyanotis tuberosa (Roxb.) Schult. & Schult. f. | Anthraquinones, saponins, tannins, glycosides, terpenoids | [68] |
| Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle | Elemol, citronellol, naphthalene | [69] |
| Cynadon dactylon (L.) Pers. | Glycerin, thymol, conhydrin, linoleic acid, octadecadienoyl acid, diazoprogesterone | [70] |
| Cynoglossum zeylanicum (Vahl) Brand | Alkaloids, catechin, coumarin, tannin, phenols, saponins, steroid, flavonoid, glycoside, xanthoprotein | [71] |
| Cyperus rotundus L. | Alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, terpenes | [72] |
| Datura metal L. | β-sitosterol, atropine, hyoscyamine, fastusic acid, triterpene, daturanolone, daturadiol | [73] |
| Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. Ex Schult | Glycolipids (stigmasterol, stigmasteryl glucoside, cerebroside, glucocerebroside) | [74] |
| Entada scandens Benth. | Phenolics, phytic acid | [75] |
| Equisetum diffusum D. Don | Silica acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, dimethylsulphone (C2H602S), alkaloid palustrine (C17H29H302) | [76] |
| Erythrina suberosa Roxb. | α-hydroxyerysotrine, 4′-methoxy licoflavanone (MLF), alpinumisoflavone (AIF), wighteone | [77] |
| Euphorbia hirta L. | Alkanes, triterpenes, phytosterols, tannins, polyphenols, flavonoids | [78] |
| Ficus bengalensis L. | Bengalenosides, coumarin, sterols, tiglic acid esters, alpha-d-glucose and meso-inositol | [79] |
| Ficus hispida L. f. | Sesquiterpenoids and triterpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, phenylpropionic acids, alkaloids, steroids | [80] |
| Ficus religiosa L. | Phytosterols, amino acids, furanocoumarins, phenolics, hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols, volatile components | [81] |
| Gmelina arborea Roxb. | Arboreal, tyrosol, iridoids, phenylpropanoid glycoside, premnazole, martynoside, gmelinol, umbelliferone | [82] |
| Hydrocotyle rotundifolia Roxb. | Hydrocotyloside I-VII, hydrocosisaponin, quercetin, camphene, catechin, epicatechin, ferulic acid, α-humulene | [83] |
| Justicia adhatoda L. | Quinazoline alkaloid, vasicine (1, 2, 3, 9-tetrahydropyrrole [2,1-b] quinozolin-3-ol, C11H12N2O), vasicinone | [84] |
| Leucas zeylanica Br. | Catechol, ethyl caffeate, isoeugenin, darendoside B, isolariciresinol, curcasinlignan B, formononetin | [85] |
| Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P. Wilson | Carvone, limonene, bicyclosesquiphellandrene, piperitenone, piperitone and β-bourbonene | [86] |
| Lyonia ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude | Phenolics, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, xanthoprotein, quinones, saponins | [87] |
| Mangifera indica L | Polyphenols, anthocyanins, carotenoids, derivatives of gallotannins | [88] |
| Melia azedarach L. | Flavonoid glycosides, limonoids, β-Sitosterol, quercetin, meliacine | [89] |
| Mentha piperata L. | Flavonoids, volatile oils (methanol and methone), lutolin, hesperidins | [90] |
| Mimosa pudica L. | Mimosine, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, triterpenes, glycosylflavones | [91] |
| Murraya koenigii Spreng | Lutein, tocopheral, carotene, koenimbine, isomahanimbine | [92] |
| Musa paradisiaca L. | Phenolics, β-carotene, tannins, ascorbic acid, saponins, lycopene, phytosterols | [93] |
| Ocimum basilicum L. | Luteolin, eriodictyol, eugenol, methyl cinnamate, rosmarinic acid, caryophyllene | [94] |
| Ocimum gratissimum L. | Oleanolic acid, ellagic acid, epicatechin, rosmarinic acid, apigenin, gallic acid, quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, essential oils (camphene, β-caryophyllene, sabinene, β-myrcene, limonene) | [95] |
| Ocimum tenuiflorium L. | 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid, caffeic acid, diosmetin, luteolin, kaempferol, rosmarinic acid, apigenin, genistein | [96] |
| Oryza sativa L. | Phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, tocopherols, tocotrienols, γ-oryzanol and phytic acid | [97] |
| Osbeckia nepalensis Hook. f. | Tannin,β-sitosterol, quercetin, rutin, flavonoid, minerals | [98] |
| Oxalis corniculata L. | Flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenols | [99] |
| Paederia foetida L. | Asperuloside, paederosidic acid, phenols, alkaloid, volatile oil, sitosterols, ellagic acid, lignans, iridoids, triterpenoids, urosilacid, epifriedelinol | [100] |
| Peristrophe bivalvis Merr. | Pelargonidin, zizilan | [101] |
| Phyllanthus emblica L. | Tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids, ascorbic acid | [102] |
| Phyllanthus urinaria L. | Lignans, tannins, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids | [103] |
| Pinus kesiya Royle ex. Gordon | Catechin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, taxifolin | [104] |
| Plantago major L. | Iridoid glucosides, phenylethanoid glycosides, 10-acetylarborescoside, plantainoside G | [105] |
| Polygonum strigosum R. Br. | Anthraquinones, flavonoid, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin | [106] |
| Prunus persica (L.) Batsch | Polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins | [107] |
| Rhododendron arboreum Sm. | Quercetin-3-rhamnoside, phenols, rutin, coumaric acid | [108] |
| Rhus javanica L. | Gallotannin, flavonoids, urushiols, terpenoids | [109] |
| Ricinus communis L. | Ribitol, 3-ethoxy-1, 2-propanediol, p-dioxane-2, dodecanoic acid, cetene, geranyl isovalerate, phenol, picrotoxinin | [110] |
| Rosa indica L. | Quinic acid, pyrogallol, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural | [111] |
| Rubia cordifolia L. | Anthraquinones, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, phenols, saponins | [112] |
| Rubus ellipticus Smith. | Gallic acid, rutin, phenolics, flavonoids | [113] |
| Rumex nepalensis Spreng | Anthraquinone, naphthalene, rumexneposides, torachrysone, glucopyranoside, citreorosein, nepodin, rhapontigenin | [114] |
| Saccharum officinarum L. | Flavonoids (apigenin, luteolin and tricin derivatives) and phenolics (hydroxycinnamic, caffeic and sinapic acid) | [115] |
| Schima wallichi Choisy | Polyphenolic, quinones, anthocyanosides, coumarin derivatives, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside | [116] |
| Sida acuta Burm. f. | Cryptolepine, kaempferol glycosides, anthocyanins | [117] |
| Solanum esculentum Mill. | Lycopene, β-carotene, ascorbic acid, polyphenols | [118] |
| Solanum nigrum L. | Alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phytosterols, phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins | [119] |
| Tagetes erecta L. | Flavanols (especially quercetagetin glycosides), polyphenols (hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives), β-caryophyllene | [120] |
| Taraxacum officinale Wigg. | Sesquiterpene lactones (mainly taraxinic acid glucoside, TA-G), triterpene acetates, phenolic inositol esters | [121] |
| Thysanolaena maxima (roxb. Ex Hornem.) Honda | Sitostenone, 4-hydroxy cinnamic acid, 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde, stigmasterol | [122] |
| Trachyspermum ammi (L) Sprague | Carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, phenolic compounds | [123] |
| Zanthoxylum armatum Roxb. | Linalool, β-ocimene, cinnamic acid, limonene, α-terpinolene, germacrene | [124] |
| Zea mays L. | Flavonoids, tannins, phlobatannins, phenols, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides | [125] |
| Zingiber officinale Roscoe | gingerols, flavonoids, shogaols, diarylheptanoids, diterpenoids, phenylbutenoids, sesquiterpenoids | [126] |
| Ziziphus jujube Mill. | 3-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-alphitolic acid, 3β-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-maslinic acid, pomonic acid, benthamic acid, oleanic acid, quercetin, traumatic acid, magnoflorine | [127] |